Cigarette Smoking Modulation of Saliva Microbial Composition and Cytokine Levels

Study information

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Mcarlson on 2023-3-21

study design

case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

30405010

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112479

URI

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/11/2479

Authors

Rodríguez-Rabassa M, López P, Rodríguez-Santiago RE, Cases A, Felici M, Sánchez R, Yamamura Y, Rivera-Amill V

Journal

International journal of environmental research and public health

Year

2018

Keywords:

cytokines, microbiome, saliva, smoking, tobacco

Tobacco use has been implicated as an immunomodulator in the oral cavity and contributes to the development of oral cancer. In the present study, we investigated the effects of cigarette smoking on bacterial diversity and host responses compared to healthy nonsmoking controls. Saliva samples were collected from eighteen smokers and sixteen nonsmoking individuals by passive drool. The 16S rRNA gene was used to characterize the salivary microbiome by using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Cytokine and chemokine expression analyses were performed to evaluate the host response. Significant differences in cytokine and chemokine expression levels of MDC, IL-10, IL-5, IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), insulin, and leptin were observed between smokers and nonsmokers. Taxonomic analyses revealed differences between the two groups, and some bacterial genera associated with the smokers group had correlations with hormones and cytokines identified as statistically different between smokers and nonsmokers. These factors have been associated with inflammation and carcinogenesis in the oral cavity. The data obtained may aid in the identification of the interactions between the salivary microbiome, host inflammatory responses, and metabolism in smokers.

Experiment 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Mcarlson on 2023-3-21

Curated date: 2023/03/13

Curator: Dupe

Revision editor(s): Mcarlson, Dupe

Subjects

Location of subjects: United States of America

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.: Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Saliva Sailva normalis,Saliva atomaris,Saliva molecularis,Salivary gland secretion,Saliva,saliva

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Smoking behavior smoking,Smoking behavior,smoking behavior

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Non-smokers

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Smokers

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Current smokers.

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 16

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 18

Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any): None of the participants were taking antibiotics.

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V3-V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).: relative abundances

Statistical test: LEfSe

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05

MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: No

LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool: 3

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Mcarlson on 2023-3-21

Curated date: 2023/03/13

Curator: Dupe

Revision editor(s): Dupe, Mcarlson, Peace Sandy

Source: Figure 4

Description: Differential LEfSe-associated bacteria between the smoker and nonsmoker groups.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Smokers

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Actinobacillus
Alloiococcus
Bacteroidaceae
Bulleidia
Chryseobacterium
Erysipelothrix
Fusobacterium
Gemella
Leminorella
Necropsobacter
Serratia
Sutterella
MCG-15

Revision editor(s): Dupe, Mcarlson, Peace Sandy

Signature 2

Edit History Delete

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Mcarlson on 2023-3-21

Curated date: 2023/03/13

Curator: Dupe

Revision editor(s): Dupe, Mcarlson, Peace Sandy

Source: Figure 4

Description: Differential LEfSe-associated bacteria between the smoker and nonsmoker groups.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Smokers

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Abiotrophia
Actinomyces
Capnocytophaga
Corynebacterium
Filifactor
Granulicatella
Leptotrichia
Mogibacterium
Pilimelia
Selenomonas
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Tannerella
Acinetobacter Taxon 24

Revision editor(s): Dupe, Mcarlson, Peace Sandy