Alcohol and tobacco consumption affects bacterial richness in oral cavity mucosa biofilms
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Study information
-
Quality control
- Retracted paper
- Contamination issues suspected
- Batch effect issues suspected
- Uncontrolled confounding suspected
- Results are suspect (various reasons)
- Tags applied
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
Authors
Thomas AM, Gleber-Netto FO, Fernandes GR, Amorim M, Barbosa LF, Francisco AL, de Andrade AG, Setubal JC, Kowalski LP, Nunes DN, Dias-Neto E
Journal
BMC microbiology
Year
2014
BACKGROUND: Today there are more than 2 billion alcohol users and about 1.3 billion tobacco users worldwide. The chronic and heavy use of these two substances is at the heart of numerous diseases and may wreak havoc on the human oral microbiome. This study delves into the changes that alcohol and tobacco may cause on biofilms of the human oral microbiome. To do so, we used swabs to sample the oral biofilm of 22 subjects; including 9 control-individuals with no or very low consumption of alcohol and no consumption of tobacco, 7 who were chronic and heavy users of both substances and 6 active smokers that reported no significant alcohol consumption. DNA was extracted from swabs and the V1 region of the 16S rRNA gene was PCR amplified and sequenced using the Ion Torrent PGM platform, generating 3.7 million high quality reads. DNA sequences were clustered and OTUs were assigned using the ARB SILVA database and Qiime. RESULTS: We found no differences in species diversity and evenness among the groups. However, we found a significant decrease in species richness in only smokers and in smokers/drinkers when compared to controls. We found that Neisseria abundance was significantly decreased in both groups when compared to controls. Smokers had significant increases in Prevotella and Capnocytophaga and reductions in Granulicatella, Staphylococcus, Peptostreptococcus and Gemella when compared to the two other groups. Controls showed higher abundance of Aggregibacter, whilst smokers/drinkers had lower abundances of Fusobacteria. Samples from only smokers clustered closer together than to controls and smokers/drinkers, and also had a significant reduction in inter-group dissimilarity distances, indicating a more homogenous group than controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the continued use of tobacco or alcohol plus tobacco significantly reduces bacterial richness, which apparently leads to a reduction in inter-group variability, turning the respective biofilms into a more homogenous microenvironment in terms of bacterial community composition, with possible consequences for human oral diseases.
Experiment 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2023-12-28
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- Brazil
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Mouth mucosa Buccal mucosa,Mouth mucosa,Mouth mucous membrane,Mouth organ mucosa,Mucosa of mouth,Mucosal lining of mouth,Mucous membrane of mouth,Oral mucosa,Oral mucous membrane,Oral part of viscerocranial mucosa,Tunica mucosa oris,mouth mucosa
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Smoking behavior smoking,Smoking behavior,smoking behavior
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Controls (C)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Smokers (S)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- All individuals in this group reported the use of at least 20 cigarettes/day with a regular smoking history of at least 10 years.
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 9
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 6
- Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
- last 3 months
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- V1
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Ion Torrent
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- relative abundances
- Statistical test
- Kruskall-Wallis
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- Yes
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- decreased
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- decreased
- Richness Number of species
- decreased
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2023-12-28
Source: Supplementary Table 1, Supplementary Table 2, Figure 5
Description: Relatively abundant phyla and genera found in the groups.
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Smokers (S)
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2023-12-28
Source: Supplementary Table 1, Supplementary Table 2, Figure 5
Description: Relatively abundant phyla and genera found in the groups.
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Smokers (S)
Experiment 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2023-12-28
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Alcohol drinking , Smoking behavior alcohol consumption,Alcohol drinking,alcohol drinking,smoking,Smoking behavior,smoking behavior
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Smokers/Drinkers (SD)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- All individuals in this group reported the use of at least 20 cigarettes/day with a regular smoking history of at least 10 years. These individuals also reported daily drinking habits (>1×/day, >3 drinks/occasion) and a regular drinking history of at least 10 years.
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 7
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- decreased
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- decreased
- Richness Number of species
- decreased
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2023-12-28
Source: Supplementary Table 1, Supplementary Table 2, Figure 5
Description: Relatively abundant phyla and genera found in the groups.
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Smokers/Drinkers (SD)
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2023-12-28
Source: Supplementary Table 1, Supplementary Table 2, Figure 5
Description: Relatively abundant phyla and genera found in the groups.
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Smokers/Drinkers (SD)
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