Composition and Diversity of Bacterial Community on the Ocular Surface of Patients With Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Study information

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-1-29

study design

case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

31738825

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1167/iovs.19-27719

URI

Authors

Dong X, Wang Y, Wang W, Lin P, Huang Y

Journal

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science

Year

2019

PURPOSE: To investigate the composition and diversity of bacterial community on the ocular surface of patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) via 16S rDNA sequencing. METHODS: Forty-seven patients with MGD, who were divided into groups of mild, moderate, and severe MGD, and 42 sex- and age-matched participants without MGD (control group) were enrolled. Samples were collected from the upper and lower conjunctival sac of one randomly chosen eye of each participant. Through sequencing the hypervariable region of 16S rDNA gene obtained from samples, differences in the taxonomy and diversity between groups were compared. RESULTS: Principle coordinate analysis showed significantly distinct clustering of the conjunctival sac bacterial community between the severe MGD group and the other groups. At the phylum level, the relative abundances of Firmicutes (31.70% vs. 19.67%) and Proteobacteria (27.46% vs. 14.66%) were significantly higher (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U), and the abundance of Actinobacteria (34.17% vs. 56.98%) was lower in MGD than controls (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U). At the genus level, the abundances of Staphylococcus (20.71% vs. 7.88%) and Sphingomonas (5.73% vs. 0.79%) in patients with MGD were significantly higher than the controls (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U), while the abundance of Corynebacterium (20.22% vs. 46.43%) was significantly lower (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U). The abundance of Staphylococcus was positively correlated with the meiboscores in patients with MGD (r = 0.650, P < 0.001, Spearman). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with MGD can have various degrees of bacterial microbiota imbalance in the conjunctival sac. Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, and Sphingomonas may play roles in the pathophysiology of MGD.

Experiment 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-1-29

Curated date: 2023/10/16

Curator: Mary Bearkland

Revision editor(s): Mary Bearkland, Davvve, LGeistlinger, Peace Sandy

Subjects

Location of subjects: China

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.: Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Margin of eyelid , Conjunctival sac Free margin of eyelid,Margin of eyelid,margin of eyelid,Conjunctiva serous sac,Subbrillar sac,Conjunctival sac,conjunctival sac

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Dry eye syndrome dry eye,Dry Eye Syndrome,dry eye syndrome,Dry Eye Syndromes,dry eye(s),eye(s), dry,KCS,Keraconjunctivitis sicca,Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca,Keratoconjunctivitis sicca,keratoconjunctivitis sicca,Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (disorder),sicca, keratoconjunctivitis,Tear film insufficiency,tear film insufficiency,Dry eye syndrome

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Healthy controls

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) Groups

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Patients with diagnosis of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction MGD

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 42

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 47

Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any): No participant used oral antibiotics within 2 weeks

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V3-V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).: relative abundances

Statistical test: LEfSe

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05

LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool: 4

Matched on Factors on which subjects have been matched on in a case-control study: age, sex

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: unchanged

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness: unchanged

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-1-29

Curated date: 2023/10/16

Curator: Mary Bearkland

Revision editor(s): Mary Bearkland, Peace Sandy

Source: Fig 3

Description: LEfSe analysis of the normal control group and the MGD groups. (B) Linear discriminant analysis scoring of biomarkers corresponding to (A), computed by the LEfSe tool. When the score of a taxon was >4.0 with P < 0.01, it was listed in the histogram, which showed all the biomarkers found from the domain to species level. “p”, “c”, “o”, “f”, “g”, and “s” referred to phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species, respectively. At the genus level, the biomarkers were Staphylococcus and Sphingomonas in the patients with MGD, and Corynebacterium in the controls. The length of the histogram represented the linear discriminate analysis values of the different taxa.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) Groups

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Bacillales
Bacilli
Staphylococcus
Staphylococcaceae
Bacillota
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Sphingomonas
Sphingomonadaceae
Sphingomonadales
Sphingomonas melonis

Revision editor(s): Mary Bearkland, Peace Sandy

Signature 2

Edit History Delete

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-1-29

Curated date: 2023/10/16

Curator: Mary Bearkland

Revision editor(s): Mary Bearkland, Peace Sandy

Source: Fig 3

Description: LEfSe analysis of the normal control group and the MGD groups. (B) Linear discriminant analysis scoring of biomarkers corresponding to (A), computed by the LEfSe tool. When the score of a taxon was >4.0 with P < 0.01, it was listed in the histogram, which showed all the biomarkers found from the domain to species level. “p”, “c”, “o”, “f”, “g”, and “s” referred to phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species, respectively. At the genus level, the biomarkers were Staphylococcus and Sphingomonas in the patients with MGD, and Corynebacterium in the controls. The length of the histogram represented the linear discriminate analysis values of the different taxa.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) Groups

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Corynebacterium
Actinomycetales
Actinomycetota
Corynebacteriaceae
unclassified Corynebacterium

Revision editor(s): Mary Bearkland, Peace Sandy