Differences in gut microbiome composition between persons with chronic schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects

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Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI Uniform resource identifier for web resources.
Authors
Nguyen TT, Kosciolek T, Maldonado Y, Daly RE, Martin AS, McDonald D, Knight R, Jeste DV
Journal
Schizophrenia research
Year
2019
Intestinal microbiome and gut-brain axis have been receiving increasing attention for their role in the regulation of brain/behavior and possible biological basis of psychiatric disorders. Several recent clinical studies have linked the microbiome with neuropsychiatric conditions, although the literature on schizophrenia is quite limited. This study investigated gut microbiome composition in 50 individuals, including 25 persons with chronic schizophrenia and 25 demographically-matched non-psychiatric comparison subjects (NCs). Stool samples were collected and assayed using 16S rRNA sequencing of the V4 region. Examination of unweighted UniFrac and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity revealed significant community-level separation in microbiome composition between the two subject groups. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria were found to be relatively decreased in schizophrenia subjects compared to NCs. At the genus level, Anaerococcus was relatively increased in schizophrenia while Haemophilus, Sutterella, and Clostridium were decreased. Within individuals with schizophrenia, abundance of Ruminococcaceae was correlated with lower severity of negative symptoms; Bacteroides was associated with worse depressive symptoms; and Coprococcus was related to greater risk for developing coronary heart disease. Our findings provide evidence of altered gut microbial composition in persons with chronic schizophrenia and suggest a need for larger and longitudinal studies of microbiome in schizophrenia.

Experiment 1


Needs review

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks743

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks753, WikiWorks743

Subjects

Location of subjects
United States of America
Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled (if applicable)
Homo sapiens
Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces
Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
schizophrenia [X]Schizophrenia, unspecified,[X]Schizophrenia, unspecified (disorder),Dementia Praecox,Disorder, Schizophrenic,Disorders, Schizophrenic,Other specified types of schizophrenia,Other specified types of schizophrenia, chronic state,Other specified types of schizophrenia, chronic state with acute exacerbation,Other specified types of schizophrenia, in remission,Other specified types of schizophrenia, subchronic state,Other specified types of schizophrenia, subchronic state with acute exacerbation,Other specified types of schizophrenia, unspecified state,SCHIZO NEC-CHR/EXACERB,SCHIZO NEC-SUBCHR/EXACER,SCHIZO NOS-CHR/EXACERB,SCHIZO NOS-SUBCHR/EXACER,schizoaffective disorder,schizophrenia,schizophrenia (disease),Schizophrenia (disorder),SCHIZOPHRENIA NEC-CHR,SCHIZOPHRENIA NEC-REMISS,SCHIZOPHRENIA NEC-SUBCHR,SCHIZOPHRENIA NEC-UNSPEC,Schizophrenia NOS,Schizophrenia NOS (disorder),SCHIZOPHRENIA NOS-UNSPEC,schizophrenia with or without an affective disorder,Schizophrenia, NOS,schizophrenia-1,Schizophrenias,SCHIZOPHRENIC DIS,Schizophrenic Disorder,Schizophrenic Disorders,Schizophrenic disorders (disorder),SCZD,Unspecified schizophrenia,Unspecified schizophrenia (disorder),Unspecified schizophrenia, chronic state with acute exacerbation,Unspecified schizophrenia, subchronic state with acute exacerbation,Unspecified schizophrenia, unspecified state
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
non-psychiatric controls
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
schizophrenia
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
type 1 diabetes was diagnosed according to the criteria of the American Diabetes Association and the positivity of at least two persistent, confirmed anti-islet autoantibodies (anti-insulin autoantibodies, GAD autoantibodies, or tyrosine phosphatase autoantibodies). MODY2 children were diagnosed by suggestive clinical history, negative anti-islet autoantibodies, and positive genetic testing. Healthy control subjects were children with negative anti-islet autoantibodies,
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
25
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
25

Lab analysis

Sequencing type
16S
16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
V4
Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Statistical test
Kruskall-Wallis
Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
0.01
MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
Yes
Matched on Factors on which subjects have been matched on in a case-control study
demographics
Confounders controlled for Confounding factors that have been accounted for by stratification or model adjustment
age, sex, race, body mass index, antimicrobial agent

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
unchanged

Signature 1

Needs review

Curated date: 2019-04-04

Curator: Fatima Zohra

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks743

Source: Figure 2+ Supplemental Table S2

Description: Differentially abundant genera in schizophrenia and non-psychiatric controls

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in schizophrenia

NCBI Links
Anaerococcus
Megasphaera
Eubacteriales
Blautia

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks743

Signature 2

Needs review

Curated date: 2019-04-04

Curator: Fatima Zohra

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks743

Source: Figure 2+ Supplemental Table S2

Description: Differentially abundant genera in schizophrenia and non-psychiatric controls

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in schizophrenia

NCBI Links
Pseudomonadota
Haemophilus
Sutterella
Clostridium
Haemophilus parainfluenzae

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks743