Clinical Significance of Composition and Functional Diversity of the Vaginal Microbiome in Recurrent Vaginitis
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Study information
-
Quality control
- Retracted paper
- Contamination issues suspected
- Batch effect issues suspected
- Uncontrolled confounding suspected
- Results are suspect (various reasons)
- Tags applied
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI
Authors
Kim MJ, Lee S, Kwon MY, Kim M
Journal
Frontiers in microbiology
Year
2022
Keywords:
Lactobacillus spp., microbiome, recurrent vaginitis, taxonomy, vagina
OBJECTIVE: The vaginal microbiome protects the female genital tract from various diseases, such as vaginitis, a vaginal inflammation characterized by abnormal discharge, itching, and pain. To evaluate the clinical relationship between the vaginal microbiome and the pathophysiology of recurrent vaginitis (RV), we investigated the microbiome taxonomic profile (MTP) in the vaginal samples of Korean female patients with RV. METHODS: Forty women of reproductive age diagnosed with RV were enrolled. The vaginal MTP of patients was analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, and the results were compared with that of healthy women (n = 100). Further, the association of the vaginal community state type (CST) with the clinical characteristics was analyzed. RESULTS: The species abundance of MTP was significantly lower in patients with RV than in healthy women (p < 0.05), whereas species evenness and diversity were significantly higher in patients with RV than in healthy individuals (p < 0.05). The proportion of the most common vaginal Lactobacillus spp. was significantly lower in the MTP of patients with RV than healthy women (p < 0.01). The beta diversity distance was also significantly different between patients with RV patients and healthy individuals (p = 0.001). Based on the CST, the MTP of 40 RV samples was categorized as follows: 21 (52.5%) for CST IV, 8 (20.0%) for CST III, 5 (12.5%) for CST I, 2 (5.0%) for CST II, 1 for (2.5%) for CST V, and 3 (7.5%) for mixed CST. Patients with underlying uterine diseases (uterine leiomyoma, adenomyosis, and endometrial polyps; n = 17) showed higher species richness and diversity than those without (n = 23; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Changes in the species abundance and microbial diversity in the vagina were strongly associated with RV. A low proportion of Lactobacillus spp. was found in patients with RV than in healthy women. The abundance and diversity of bacterial taxa were significantly higher in patients with underlying gynecologic disease than those without. Our study offers an insight into the nature of the vaginal microbiome and proposes that surveying the vaginal microbiome is valuable for detecting and treating gynecologic diseases in the future.
Experiment 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2024-6-21
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- South Korea
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Posterior fornix of vagina Pars posterior fornicis vaginae,Posterior fornix,Posterior part of fornix of vagina,Posterior fornix of vagina,posterior fornix of vagina
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Vaginitis inflammation of vagina,vagina inflammation,vaginal Inflammation,vaginal inflammation,vaginitis,vaginitis (disease),Vaginitis
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Healthy women (control)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Recurrent vaginitis (RV)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Women of reproductive age diagnosed with Recurrent vaginitis (RV).
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 100
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 40
- Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
- 3 months
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- V3-V4
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- relative abundances
- Statistical test
- Kruskall-Wallis
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- No
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- increased
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- decreased
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- decreased
- Richness Number of species
- decreased
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2024-6-21
Source: Figure 1
Description: Statistically significant taxa (y-axis) between 40 cases with recurrent vaginitis (RV) and 100 healthy individuals (x-axis).
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Recurrent vaginitis (RV)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Escherichia coli | ||
| Fannyhessea vaginae | ||
| Gardnerella vaginalis | ||
| Gemelliphila asaccharolytica | ||
| Sneathia vaginalis | ||
| Ureaplasma urealyticum |
Revision editor(s): Rahila, Scholastica
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2024-6-21
Source: Figure 1
Description: Statistically significant taxa (y-axis) between 40 cases with recurrent vaginitis (RV) and 100 healthy individuals (x-axis).
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Recurrent vaginitis (RV)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Lactobacillus | ||
| Lactobacillus crispatus | ||
| Lactobacillus gasseri | ||
| Lactobacillus jensenii | ||
| Limosilactobacillus reuteri |
Revision editor(s): Scholastica
Experiment 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2024-6-21
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Vaginal microbiome measurement vaginal flora measurement,vaginal microbiota measurement,Vaginal microbiome measurement,vaginal microbiome measurement
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Community state type (CST) I
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Community state type (CST) III and IV
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Women of reproductive age diagnosed with Recurrent vaginitis (RV) categorized as community state type (CST) III and IV
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 5
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 29
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
- Statistical test
- LEfSe
- LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool
- 2.0
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2024-6-21
Source: Figure 5A
Description: Differential abundance of the bacterial taxa in three CST (I, III, and IV) groups of vaginal samples of patients with recurrent vaginitis (RV)
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Community state type (CST) III and IV
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Lactobacillus crispatus |
Revision editor(s): Scholastica
Experiment 3
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2024-6-21
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Community state type (CST) I and IV
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Community state type (CST) III
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Women of reproductive age diagnosed with Recurrent vaginitis (RV) categorized as community state type (CST) III
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 26
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 8
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2024-6-21
Source: Figure 5A
Description: Differential abundance of the bacterial taxa in three CST (I, III, and IV) groups of vaginal samples of patients with recurrent vaginitis (RV)
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Community state type (CST) III
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Lactobacillus iners | ||
| Lactobacillus | ||
| Lactobacillaceae | ||
| Lactobacillales | ||
| Bacilli | ||
| unclassified Lactobacillus | ||
| Bacillota | ||
| Limosilactobacillus reuteri |
Revision editor(s): Scholastica
Experiment 4
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2024-6-21
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Community state type (CST) I and III
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Community state type (CST) IV
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Women of reproductive age diagnosed with Recurrent vaginitis (RV) categorized as community state type (CST) III and IV
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 13
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 21
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2024-6-21
Source: Figure 5A
Description: Differential abundance of the bacterial taxa in three CST (I, III, and IV) groups of vaginal samples of patients with recurrent vaginitis (RV)
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Community state type (CST) IV
Revision editor(s): Scholastica
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