Discuss External light-dark cycle shapes gut microbiota through intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells

NOTE 1 The study investigates how these variations in light exposure influence the composition, relative abundance, and daily oscillations of gut microbiota, particularly focusing on the role of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) in transmitting light-dark cycle information. Therefore, "light" serves as the experimental condition or factor under investigation in this study.

NOTE 2

The sample sizes of mice in each group varied across experiments, as follows:

1. n = 4–5 mice
2. n = 4–6 mice
3. n = 5–8 mice
4. n = 3 mice
5. n = 6 mice

Due to the inconsistent presentation of these numbers in a range format, specific data for the sample size was not provided.