Alterations and Mechanism of Gut Microbiota in Graves' Disease and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
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Study information
-
Quality control
- Retracted paper
- Contamination issues suspected
- Batch effect issues suspected
- Uncontrolled confounding suspected
- Results are suspect (various reasons)
- Tags applied
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI Uniform resource identifier for web resources.
Authors
Zhao H, Yuan L, Zhu D, Sun B, Du J, Wang J
Journal
Polish journal of microbiology
Year
2022
Keywords:
Graves’ disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, autoimmune thyroid disease, gut microbiota
To explore the role of gut microbiota in Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Seventy fecal samples were collected, including 27 patients with GD, 27 with HT, and 16 samples from healthy volunteers. Chemiluminescence was used to detect thyroid function and autoantibodies (FT3, FT4, TSH, TRAb, TGAb, and TPOAb); thyroid ultrasound and 16S sequencing were used to analyze the bacteria in fecal samples; KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) and COG (Clusters of Orthologous Groups) were used to analyze the functional prediction and pathogenesis. The overall structure of gut microbiota in the GD and HT groups was significantly different from the healthy control group. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria contents were the highest in the HT group. Compared to the control group, the GD and HT groups had a higher abundance of Erysipelotrichia, Cyanobacteria, and Ruminococcus_2 and lower levels of Bacillaceae and Megamonas. Further analysis of KEGG found that the "ABC transporter" metabolic pathway was highly correlated with the occurrence of GD and HT. COG analysis showed that the GD and HT groups were enriched in carbohydrate transport and metabolism compared to the healthy control group but not in amino acid transport and metabolism. Our data suggested that Bacillus, Blautia, and Ornithinimicrobium could be used as potential markers to distinguish GD and HT from the healthy population and that "ABC transporter" metabolic pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of GD and HT.
Experiment 1
Needs review
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- China
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Graves disease Basedow disease,Basedow's disease,exophthalmic goiter,Flajani-Basedow-Graves disease,grave's disease,Graves disease,Graves' disease,Graves' hyperthyroidism,parry disease,toxic diffuse goiter,graves disease
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Hypothyroidism group (HT) + Normal
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Graves’ disease/Hyperthyroidism (GD)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Patients diagnosed with Graves’ disease(GD) also known as the Hyperthyroidism group
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 43
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 27
- Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
- Three months
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- V3-V4
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- relative abundances
- Statistical test
- LEfSe
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- No
- LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool
- 3
Signature 1
Needs review
Source: Figure 2A
Description: LEfSe shows the greatest difference in abundance (taxa) between the three groups (LDA threshold > 3).
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Graves’ disease/Hyperthyroidism (GD)
Revision editor(s): Aleru Divine
Experiment 2
Needs review
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis autoimmune thyroiditis,chronic lymphocytic thyroiditides,chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis,disease, Hashimoto,disease, Hashimoto's,Hashimoto disease,Hashimoto struma,Hashimoto syndrome,Hashimoto thyroiditides,Hashimoto Thyroiditis,Hashimoto thyroiditis,Hashimoto's disease,Hashimoto's struma,Hashimoto's syndrome,Hashimoto's syndromes,Hashimoto's thyroiditis,Hashimotos disease,Hashimotos syndrome,HT,Ht,hypothyroidism, autoimmune,hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroid autoantibodies, included,Lymphocytic Thyroiditides,lymphocytic thyroiditides, chronic,Lymphocytic Thyroiditis,lymphocytic thyroiditis,lymphocytic thyroiditis, chronic,Lymphomatous Thyroiditides,syndrome, Hashimoto's,syndromes, Hashimoto's,thyroid autoantibodies,thyroiditides, chronic lymphocytic,thyroiditides, Hashimoto,Thyroiditides, Lymphocytic,Thyroiditides, Lymphomatous,thyroiditis, chronic lymphocytic,thyroiditis, Hashimoto,Thyroiditis, Lymphocytic,Thyroiditis, Lymphomatous,hashimoto's thyroiditis
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Graves’ disease/Hyperthyroidism (GD)+ Normal
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Hypothyroidism group (HT)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Patients diagnosed with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, also known as the Hypothyroidism group (HT).
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Signature 1
Needs review
Source: Figure 2A
Description: LEfSe shows the greatest difference in abundance (taxa) between the three groups (LDA threshold > 3).
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Hypothyroidism group (HT)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Mediterraneibacter gnavus | ||
| Ruminiclostridium | ||
| Acetanaerobacterium | ||
| Lactobacillales |
Revision editor(s): Aleru Divine
Experiment 3
Needs review
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Graves disease , Hashimoto's thyroiditis Basedow disease,Basedow's disease,exophthalmic goiter,Flajani-Basedow-Graves disease,grave's disease,Graves disease,Graves' disease,Graves' hyperthyroidism,parry disease,toxic diffuse goiter,graves disease,autoimmune thyroiditis,chronic lymphocytic thyroiditides,chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis,disease, Hashimoto,disease, Hashimoto's,Hashimoto disease,Hashimoto struma,Hashimoto syndrome,Hashimoto thyroiditides,Hashimoto Thyroiditis,Hashimoto thyroiditis,Hashimoto's disease,Hashimoto's struma,Hashimoto's syndrome,Hashimoto's syndromes,Hashimoto's thyroiditis,Hashimotos disease,Hashimotos syndrome,HT,Ht,hypothyroidism, autoimmune,hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroid autoantibodies, included,Lymphocytic Thyroiditides,lymphocytic thyroiditides, chronic,Lymphocytic Thyroiditis,lymphocytic thyroiditis,lymphocytic thyroiditis, chronic,Lymphomatous Thyroiditides,syndrome, Hashimoto's,syndromes, Hashimoto's,thyroid autoantibodies,thyroiditides, chronic lymphocytic,thyroiditides, Hashimoto,Thyroiditides, Lymphocytic,Thyroiditides, Lymphomatous,thyroiditis, chronic lymphocytic,thyroiditis, Hashimoto,Thyroiditis, Lymphocytic,Thyroiditis, Lymphomatous,hashimoto's thyroiditis
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Normal
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Graves’ disease/Hyperthyroidism (GD) + Hypothyroidism group (HT)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Patients diagnosed with Graves’ disease(GD), also known as the Hyperthyroidism group and patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, also known as the Hypothyroidism group (HT).
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 16
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 54
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Signature 1
Needs review
Source: Figure 2A
Description: LEfSe shows the greatest difference in abundance (taxa) between the three groups (LDA threshold > 3).
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Graves’ disease/Hyperthyroidism (GD) + Hypothyroidism group (HT)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Negativicutes | ||
| Selenomonadales | ||
| Megamonas |
Revision editor(s): Aleru Divine
Experiment 4
Needs review
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Graves disease Basedow disease,Basedow's disease,exophthalmic goiter,Flajani-Basedow-Graves disease,grave's disease,Graves disease,Graves' disease,Graves' hyperthyroidism,parry disease,toxic diffuse goiter,graves disease
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Graves’ disease/Hyperthyroidism (GD)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Patients diagnosed with Graves’ disease(GD) also known as the Hyperthyroidism group
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 27
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
- Statistical test
- Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon)
- LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool
- Not specified
Signature 1
Needs review
Source: Figure 2B, 2D, and 2F
Description: The difference in microbiota between the GD group or HT groups and the healthy control group at the phylum level (B, C), at the family level (D, E), and at the genus level (F, G). *p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Graves’ disease/Hyperthyroidism (GD)
Revision editor(s): Aleru Divine
Signature 2
Needs review
Source: Figure 2B, 2D, and 2F
Description: The difference in microbiota between the GD group or HT groups and the healthy control group at the phylum level (B, C), at the family level (D, E), and at the genus level (F, G). *p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Graves’ disease/Hyperthyroidism (GD)
Revision editor(s): Aleru Divine
Experiment 5
Needs review
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis autoimmune thyroiditis,chronic lymphocytic thyroiditides,chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis,disease, Hashimoto,disease, Hashimoto's,Hashimoto disease,Hashimoto struma,Hashimoto syndrome,Hashimoto thyroiditides,Hashimoto Thyroiditis,Hashimoto thyroiditis,Hashimoto's disease,Hashimoto's struma,Hashimoto's syndrome,Hashimoto's syndromes,Hashimoto's thyroiditis,Hashimotos disease,Hashimotos syndrome,HT,Ht,hypothyroidism, autoimmune,hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroid autoantibodies, included,Lymphocytic Thyroiditides,lymphocytic thyroiditides, chronic,Lymphocytic Thyroiditis,lymphocytic thyroiditis,lymphocytic thyroiditis, chronic,Lymphomatous Thyroiditides,syndrome, Hashimoto's,syndromes, Hashimoto's,thyroid autoantibodies,thyroiditides, chronic lymphocytic,thyroiditides, Hashimoto,Thyroiditides, Lymphocytic,Thyroiditides, Lymphomatous,thyroiditis, chronic lymphocytic,thyroiditis, Hashimoto,Thyroiditis, Lymphocytic,Thyroiditis, Lymphomatous,hashimoto's thyroiditis
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis/Hypothyroidism (GD)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Patients diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis also known as the Hypothyroidism group (HT).
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Signature 1
Needs review
Source: Figure 2C, 2E, and 2G
Description: The difference in microbiota between the GD group or HT groups and the healthy control group at the phylum level (B, C), at the family level (D, E), and at the genus level (F, G). *p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Hashimoto's thyroiditis/Hypothyroidism (GD)
Revision editor(s): Aleru Divine
Signature 2
Needs review
Source: Figure 2C, 2E, and 2G
Description: The difference in microbiota between the GD group or HT groups and the healthy control group at the phylum level (B, C), at the family level (D, E), and at the genus level (F, G). *p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Hashimoto's thyroiditis/Hypothyroidism (GD)
Revision editor(s): Aleru Divine
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