Surgery-induced gut microbial dysbiosis promotes cognitive impairment via regulation of intestinal function and the metabolite palmitic amide

Study information

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-7-3

study design

laboratory experiment

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

37936242

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1186/s40168-023-01689-6

URI Uniform resource identifier for web resources.

Authors

Pan C, Zhang H, Zhang L, Chen L, Xu L, Xu N, Liu X, Meng Q, Wang X, Zhang ZY

Journal

Microbiome

Year

2023

Keywords:

Fecal microbiota transplantation, Gut microbiota, Intestinal permeability, Microbiota, Palmitic amide, Perioperative neurocognitive disorders

BACKGROUND: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) are the most common postoperative complications with few therapeutic options. Gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with neurological diseases; however, the mechanisms by which the microbiota regulates postoperative gastrointestinal and cognitive function are incompletely understood. METHODS: Behavioral testing, MiSeq 16S rRNA gene sequencing, non-target metabolism, intestinal permeability detection, protein assays, and immunofluorescence staining were employed to discern the impacts of surgery on microbial profiles, intestinal barriers, serum metabolism, and the brain. Interventions in mice included fecal microbiota transplantation, the anti-inflammatory agent dexamethasone, Lactobacillus supplementation, indole propionic acid supplementation, and palmitic amide administration. RESULTS: Surgery-induced cognitive impairment occurs predominantly in aged mice, and surgery-induced alterations in the microbiota composition profile exacerbate intestinal barrier disruption in aged mice. These adverse effects can be mitigated by transferring microbiota from young donors or by bolstering the intestinal barrier function using dexamethasone, Lactobacillus, or indole propionic acid. Moreover, microbiota composition profiles can be restored by transplanting feces from young mice to aged surgical mice, improving neuropathology and cognitive function, and these effects coincide with increased intestinal permeability. Metabolomic screening identified alterations in metabolites in mouse serum after surgery, especially the increase in palmitic amide. Palmitic amide levels in serum and brain can be decreased by transplanting feces from young mice to aged surgical mice. Oral palmitic amide exacerbates cognitive impairment and neuropathological changes in mice. CONCLUSIONS: Gut microbial dysbiosis in mice after surgery is a key mechanism leading to cognition dysfunction, which disrupts the intestinal barrier and metabolic abnormalities, resulting in neuroinflammation and dendritic spine loss. Intestinal barrier damage and high level of palmitic amide in old mice may be the cause of high incidence of PND in the elderly. Preoperative microbiota regulation and intestinal barrier restoration may be of therapeutic benefit in preventing PND. Video Abstract.

Experiment 1

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Curated date: 2025/04/30

Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, Anne-mariesharp

Subjects

Location of subjects

China

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.

Mus musculus

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology

Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology

Age Age,age

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Young+Surgery, Aged+surgery and Aged

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Young

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Adult male C57BL/6 mice 2 months old were grouped as Young.

Lab analysis

Sequencing type

16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene

V3-V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance

Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).

relative abundances

Statistical test

LEfSe

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)

0.05

MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?

No

LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool

2

Signature 1

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Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, Anne-mariesharp

Source: Figure 3D

Description: Linear discriminant analysis Efect Size (LEfSe) was used to find species with significant differences at all taxonomic levels of the gut microbiota in the feces of Young, Aged, Young+surgery and Aged+surgery groups of mice

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Young

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Akkermansia
Allobaculum
Rhodocyclaceae
Rhodocyclales
Turicibacter
Turicibacteraceae
Verrucomicrobiaceae
Verrucomicrobiales
Verrucomicrobiia
Verrucomicrobiota
TuricibacteralesTuricibacterales
Bacillaceae

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, Anne-mariesharp

Experiment 2

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Young+Surgery, Aged+surgery and Young

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Aged

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Adult Male C57BL/6 mice 18 months old were grouped as Aged.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Source: Figure 3D

Description: Linear discriminant analysis Efect Size (LEfSe) was used to find species with significant differences at all taxonomic levels of the gut microbiota in the feces of Young, Aged, Young+surgery and Aged+surgery groups of mice

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Aged

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Bacteroidota
Bacteroidia
Alteromonadales
Bacteroidales
Enterobacterales
Prevotellaceae
Idiomarinaceae
Enterobacteriaceae
Paraprevotella
Idiomarina
Shigella

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA

Experiment 3

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Curator: MyleeeA

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology

Response to surgery post operative response,post-operative response,response to operation,response to surgical intervention,Response to surgery,response to surgery

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Young, Aged+surgery and Aged

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Young+Surgery

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Adult male C57BL/6 mice 2 months old that underwent surgery were grouped as Young+surgery

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Source: Figure 3D

Description: Linear discriminant analysis Efect Size (LEfSe) was used to find species with significant differences at all taxonomic levels of the gut microbiota in the feces of Young, Aged, Young+surgery and Aged+surgery groups of mice

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Young+Surgery

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Muribaculaceae

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA

Experiment 4

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Young+Surgery, Young and Aged

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Aged+surgery

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Adult male C57BL/6 mice 18 months old that underwent surgery were grouped as Aged+surgery

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, Anne-mariesharp

Source: Figure 3D

Description: Linear discriminant analysis Efect Size (LEfSe) was used to find species with significant differences at all taxonomic levels of the gut microbiota in the feces of Young, Aged, Young+surgery and Aged+surgery groups of mice

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Aged+surgery

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Gammaproteobacteria
Lactococcus
Streptococcaceae
Acidobacteria_6Acidobacteria_6
cc_115cc_115
Erysipelotrichaceae_ClostridiumErysipelotrichaceae_Clostridium

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, Anne-mariesharp

Experiment 5

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Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Young mice

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Young+surgery mice

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Adult male C57BL/6 mice 2 months old that underwent surgery were grouped as Young+surgery

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Statistical test

Kruskall-Wallis

LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool

Not specified

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness

unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness

unchanged

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness

unchanged

Signature 1

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Source: Figure 3H

Description: Differential abundant microbial taxon significant between Young+surgery mice and Young mice.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Young+surgery mice

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Akkermansia

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Experiment 6

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Aged mice

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Aged+surgery mice

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Adult male C57BL/6 mice 18 months old that underwent surgery were grouped as Aged+surgery

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness

unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness

unchanged

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness

unchanged

Signature 1

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Source: Figure 3G

Description: Differential abundant microbial taxon significant between Aged+surgery mice and Aged mice.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Aged+surgery mice

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Bacteroides

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Experiment 7

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology

Response to transplant Response to transplant,response to transplant

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Aged+surgery+youngFecal Microbiota Transplantation mice

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Aged+surgery+agedFecal Microbiota Transplantation mice

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Adult male C57BL/6 mice 18 months old that underwent surgery and Fecal microbiota transplantation with aged samples were grouped as Aged+surgery+aFMT.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Statistical test

LEfSe

LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool

2

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness

decreased

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness

decreased

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness

decreased

Richness Number of species

decreased

Signature 1

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Source: Figure 5K

Description: Linear discriminant analysis Efect Size (LEfSe) was used to find species with significant differences at all taxonomic levels of the gut microbiota in the feces of Aged+surgery+youngFMT and Aged+surgery+agedFMT groups of mice.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Aged+surgery+agedFecal Microbiota Transplantation mice

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Cyanobacteriota
uncultured rumen bacterium 4C0d-2
Epsilonproteobacteria
rumen bacterium YS2
Campylobacterales
Helicobacteraceae
Helicobacter

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA

Signature 2

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Source: Figure 5K

Description: Linear discriminant analysis Efect Size (LEfSe) was used to find species with significant differences at all taxonomic levels of the gut microbiota in the feces of Aged+surgery+youngFMT and Aged+surgery+agedFMT groups of mice.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Aged+surgery+agedFecal Microbiota Transplantation mice

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Akkermansia
Chitinophaga
Chitinophagaceae
Peptostreptococcaceae
Saprospirales
Saprospiria
Verrucomicrobiaceae
Verrucomicrobiales
Verrucomicrobiia
Verrucomicrobiota
Erysipelotrichaceae_ClostridiumErysipelotrichaceae_Clostridium

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, Anne-mariesharp

Experiment 8

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Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology

Age Age,age

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Aged, Young+surgery before, Young+surgery after, Aged+surgery before and Aged+surgery after

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Young

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Adult male C57BL/6 mice 2 months old were grouped as Young.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Source: Supplementary Figure 2F

Description: Linear discriminant analysis Efect Size (LEfSe) was used to find species with significant differences at all taxonomic levels of the gut microbiota in the feces of Young, Aged, Young+surgery before, Young+surgery after, Aged+surgery before and Aged+surgery after groups of mice

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Young

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Paraprevotella
Prevotella
Prevotellaceae
Streptophyta
Synechococcaceae
Synechococcales
Synechococcus
SynechococcophycideaeSynechococcophycideae
ThiobacteralesThiobacterales
ParaprevotellaceaeParaprevotellaceae
Planococcaceae_BacillusPlanococcaceae_Bacillus

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, Anne-mariesharp

Experiment 9

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Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Young, Young+surgery before, Young+surgery after, Aged+surgery before and Aged+surgery after

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Aged

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

C57BL/6 mice 18 months old were grouped as Aged.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, Anne-mariesharp

Source: Supplementary Figure 2F

Description: Linear discriminant analysis Efect Size (LEfSe) was used to find species with significant differences at all taxonomic levels of the gut microbiota in the feces of Young, Aged, Young+surgery before, Young+surgery after, Aged+surgery before and Aged+surgery after groups of mice.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Aged

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Actinomycetales
Aerococcaceae
Alcaligenes
Bacillaceae
Bacillales
Bifidobacteriaceae
Bifidobacteriales
Bifidobacterium
Bilophila
Corynebacteriaceae
Corynebacterium
Facklamia
Jeotgalicoccus
Micrococcaceae
Psychrobacter
Sporosarcina
Staphylococcaceae
Staphylococcus
Yaniella
Acidimicrobiia

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Experiment 10

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology

Exploratory behavior curosity,novelty-seeking behavior,Exploratory behavior,exploratory behavior

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Aged, Young, Young+surgery after, Aged+surgery before and Aged+surgery after

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Young+surgery before

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Adult male C57BL/6 mice 2 months old that underwent surgery before behavioural testing

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Source: Supplementary Figure 2F

Description: Linear discriminant analysis Efect Size (LEfSe) was used to find species with significant differences at all taxonomic levels of the gut microbiota in the feces of Young, Aged, Young+surgery before, Young+surgery after, Aged+surgery before and Aged+surgery after groups of mice.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Young+surgery before

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Bacteroidales
Bacteroidia
Bacteroidota
Muribaculaceae
Prevotella
Streptococcaceae bacterium RF32

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA

Experiment 11

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Young, Aged, Young+surgery before, Aged+surgery before and Aged+surgery after

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Young+surgery after

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Adult male C57BL/6 mice 2 months old that underwent surgery after behavioural tests.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Curator: MyleeeA

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Source: Supplementary Figure 2F

Description: Linear discriminant analysis Efect Size (LEfSe) was used to find species with significant differences at all taxonomic levels of the gut microbiota in the feces of Young, Aged, Young+surgery before, Young+surgery after, Aged+surgery before and Aged+surgery after groups of mice.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Young+surgery after

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Allobaculum
Erysipelotrichaceae
Erysipelotrichales
Erysipelotrichia
Ktedonobacteria
Lachnospiraceae_ClostridiumLachnospiraceae_Clostridium

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, Anne-mariesharp

Experiment 12

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Curator: MyleeeA

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Young, Aged, Young+surgery before, Young+surgery after and Aged+surgery after

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Aged+surgery before

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Adult male C57BL/6 mice 18 months old that underwent surgery before behavioural tests.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

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Source: Supplementary Figure 2F

Description: Linear discriminant analysis Efect Size (LEfSe) was used to find species with significant differences at all taxonomic levels of the gut microbiota in the feces of Young, Aged, Young+surgery before, Young+surgery after, Aged+surgery before and Aged+surgery after groups of mice.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Aged+surgery before

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Bacteroidaceae
Bacteroides
Campylobacterales
Candidatus Arthromitus
Chloroflexota
Deferribacteraceae
Deferribacterales
Deferribacteres
Deferribacterota
Epsilonproteobacteria
Flexispira
Gemella
Gemellaceae
Helicobacter
Helicobacteraceae
Mucispirillum
Nitrospira
Nitrospiraceae
Odoribacter
Odoribacteraceae
Parabacteroides
Porphyromonadaceae
Rikenella
Rikenellaceae
Sphingobium
Streptococcus
Veillonella
Veillonellaceae
bacterium AF12
GemellalesGemellales
Peptostreptococcaceae_ClostridiumPeptostreptococcaceae_Clostridium
Erysipelotrichaceae_ClostridiumErysipelotrichaceae_Clostridium

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Experiment 13

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Curator: MyleeeA

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Young, Aged, Young+surgery before, Aged+surgery before and Young+surgery after

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Aged+surgery after

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Adult male C57BL/6 mice 18 months old that underwent surgery after behavioural tests.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Curated date: 2025/05/01

Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, Anne-mariesharp

Source: Supplementary Figure 2F

Description: Linear discriminant analysis Efect Size (LEfSe) was used to find species with significant differences at all taxonomic levels of the gut microbiota in the feces of Young, Aged, Young+surgery before, Young+surgery after, Aged+surgery before and Aged+surgery after groups of mice.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Aged+surgery after

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Adlercreutzia
Coriobacteriaceae
Coriobacteriales
Coriobacteriia
Desulfovibrio
rc4_4rc4_4
Clostridium

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, Anne-mariesharp

Experiment 14

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Curator: MyleeeA

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology

Treatment outcome measurement Treatment outcome measurement,treatment outcome measurement

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Aged+surgery and Aged+surgery+dexamethasone

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Aged

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Adult male C57BL/6 mice 18 months old were grouped as Aged.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Curated date: 2025/04/30

Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, Anne-mariesharp

Source: Supplementary Figure 5G

Description: Linear discriminant analysis Efect Size (LEfSe) was used to find species with significant differences at all taxonomic levels of the gut microbiota in the feces of Aged, Aged+surgery and Aged+surgery+dexamethasone groups of mice.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Aged

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Acidimicrobiia
Actinomycetales
Actinomycetota
Adlercreutzia
Aerococcaceae
Aerococcus
Alcaligenaceae
Alcaligenes
Allobaculum
Anaerofustis
Bacillaceae
Bacillales
Betaproteobacteria
Bilophila
Burkholderiales
Caryophanaceae
Corynebacteriaceae
Corynebacterium
Dehalobacterium
Dorea
Enterococcaceae bacterium RF39
Eubacteriaceae
Facklamia
Gluconobacter
Jeotgalicoccus
Lactococcus
Micrococcaceae
Moraxellaceae
Muribaculaceae
Oscillospira
Oscillospiraceae
Pseudomonadales
Psychrobacter
Roseburia
Ruminococcus
Staphylococcus
Turicibacter
Turicibacteraceae
Yaniella
TuricibacteralesTuricibacterales
DehalobacteriaceaeDehalobacteriaceae
Lachnospiraceae_ClostridiumLachnospiraceae_Clostridium
Clostridium

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, Anne-mariesharp

Experiment 15

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-7-3

Curated date: 2025/04/30

Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Aged and Aged+surgery+dexamethasone

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Aged+surgery

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Adult male C57BL/6 mice 18 months old that underwent surgery were grouped as Aged+surgery

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-7-3

Curated date: 2025/04/30

Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, Anne-mariesharp

Source: Supplementary Figure 5G

Description: Linear discriminant analysis Efect Size (LEfSe) was used to find species with significant differences at all taxonomic levels of the gut microbiota in the feces of Aged, Aged+surgery and Aged+surgery+dexamethasone groups of mice.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Aged+surgery

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Anaerolineae
Candidatus Arthromitus
Chloroflexota
Clostridiaceae
Collinsella
Deferribacteraceae
Deferribacterales
Deferribacteres
Deferribacterota
Desulfovibrio
Erysipelotrichaceae
Eubacterium
Faecalibacterium
Klebsiella
Lysobacteraceae
Lysobacterales
Mucispirillum
Mycoplasma
Mycoplasmataceae
Mycoplasmatales
Paraprevotella
Pseudomonadota
Rikenella
Sphingobium
Veillonella
Veillonellaceae
bacterium AF12
C39C39
Peptostreptococcaceae_ClostridiumPeptostreptococcaceae_Clostridium
Erysipelotrichaceae_ClostridiumErysipelotrichaceae_Clostridium

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, Anne-mariesharp

Experiment 16

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-7-3

Curated date: 2025/04/30

Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Aged and Aged+surgery

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Aged+surgery+dexamethasone

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Adult male C57BL/6 mice 18 months old that underwent surgery and were given Dexamethasone.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-7-3

Curated date: 2025/04/30

Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA

Source: Supplementary Figure 5G

Description: Linear discriminant analysis Efect Size (LEfSe) was used to find species with significant differences at all taxonomic levels of the gut microbiota in the feces of Aged, Aged+surgery and Aged+surgery+dexamethasone groups of mice.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Aged+surgery+dexamethasone

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Acinetobacter
Beta
Burkholderia
Burkholderiaceae
Megamonas
Pseudomonadaceae
Pseudomonas
Solibacillus
rumen bacterium YS2
uncultured rumen bacterium 4C0d-2
ParaprevotellaceaeParaprevotellaceae

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA

Experiment 17

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-7-3

Curated date: 2025/04/30

Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology

Response to transplant Response to transplant,response to transplant

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Young+Surgery+agedFMT, Aged+surgery+youngFMT and Aged+surgery+agedFMT.

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Young+Surgery+youngFMT

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Adult male C57BL/6 mice 2 months old that underwent surgery and Fecal microbiota transplantation with young samples.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-7-3

Curated date: 2025/04/30

Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA

Source: Supplementary Figure 7G

Description: Linear discriminant analysis Efect Size (LEfSe) was used to find species with significant differences at all taxonomic levels of the gut microbiota in the feces of Young+Surgery+youngFMT, Young+Surgery+agedFMT, Aged+surgery+youngFMT and Aged+surgery+agedFMT groups of mice.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Young+Surgery+youngFMT

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Akkermansia
Alcaligenaceae
Alphaproteobacteria
Bacteroidales
Bacteroidia
Bacteroidota
Betaproteobacteria
Burkholderiales
Comamonadaceae
Hydrogenophaga
Muribaculaceae
Parabacteroides
Porphyromonadaceae
Rhodocyclaceae
Rhodocyclales
Sutterella
Verrucomicrobiaceae
Verrucomicrobiales
Verrucomicrobiia
Verrucomicrobiota
C39C39

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA

Experiment 18

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-7-3

Curated date: 2025/04/30

Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Young+Surgery+youngFMT, Aged+surgery+youngFMT and Aged+surgery+agedFMT.

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Young+Surgery+agedFMT

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Adult male C57BL/6 mice 2 months old that underwent surgery and Fecal microbiota transplantation with aged samples.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-7-3

Curated date: 2025/04/30

Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA

Source: Supplementary Figure 7G

Description: Linear discriminant analysis Efect Size (LEfSe) was used to find species with significant differences at all taxonomic levels of the gut microbiota in the feces of Young+Surgery+youngFMT, Young+Surgery+agedFMT, Aged+surgery+youngFMT and Aged+surgery+agedFMT groups of mice.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Young+Surgery+agedFMT

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Allobaculum
Christensenellaceae
Erysipelotrichaceae
Erysipelotrichales
Erysipelotrichia

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA

Experiment 19

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-7-3

Curated date: 2025/04/30

Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Young+Surgery+youngFMT, Young+surgery+agedFMT and Aged+surgery+agedFMT.

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Aged+surgery+youngFMT

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Adult male C57BL/6 mice 18 months old that underwent surgery and Fecal microbiota transplantation with young samples.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

EditHistoryDelete

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-7-3

Curated date: 2025/04/30

Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA

Source: Supplementary Figure 7G

Description: Linear discriminant analysis Efect Size (LEfSe) was used to find species with significant differences at all taxonomic levels of the gut microbiota in the feces of Young+Surgery+youngFMT, Young+Surgery+agedFMT, Aged+surgery+youngFMT and Aged+surgery+agedFMT groups of mice.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Aged+surgery+youngFMT

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Aerococcus
Bacillota
Turicibacter
Turicibacteraceae
TuricibacteralesTuricibacterales

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA

Experiment 20

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-7-3

Curated date: 2025/04/30

Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Young+Surgery+youngFMT, Young+surgery+agedFMT and Aged+surgery+youngFMT.

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Aged+surgery+agedFMT

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Adult male C57BL/6 mice 18 months old that underwent surgery and Fecal microbiota transplantation with aged samples.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

EditHistoryDelete

Flag for review

Your review change was submitted

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-7-3

Curated date: 2025/04/30

Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, Anne-mariesharp

Source: Supplementary Figure 7G

Description: Linear discriminant analysis Efect Size (LEfSe) was used to find species with significant differences at all taxonomic levels of the gut microbiota in the feces of Young+Surgery+youngFMT, Young+Surgery+agedFMT, Aged+surgery+youngFMT and Aged+surgery+agedFMT groups of mice.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Aged+surgery+agedFMT

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Acidimicrobiia
Actinomycetota
Bifidobacteriaceae
Bifidobacteriales
Bifidobacterium
Clostridium
Coprobacillus
Deferribacteraceae
Deferribacterales
Deferribacteres
Deferribacterota
Lactococcus
Mucispirillum
Peptostreptococcaceae

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, Anne-mariesharp