The impact of regular sauerkraut consumption on the human gut microbiota: a crossover intervention trial
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Study information
-
Quality control
- Retracted paper
- Contamination issues suspected
- Batch effect issues suspected
- Uncontrolled confounding suspected
- Results are suspect (various reasons)
- Tags applied
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI
Authors
Schropp N, Bauer A, Stanislas V, Huang KD, Lesker TR, Bielecka AA, Strowig T, Michels KB
Journal
Microbiome
Year
2025
Keywords:
Diversity, Fermented food, Gut microbiome, Pasteurization, SCFA, Sauerkraut, Short-chain fatty acids, Shotgun metagenomics
BACKGROUND: Sauerkraut is a fermented food that has been suspected to have a beneficial impact on the gut microbiome, but scientific evidence is sparse. In this crossover intervention trial with 87 participants (DRKS00027007), we investigated the impact of daily consumption of fresh or pasteurized sauerkraut for 4 weeks on gut microbial composition and the metabolome in a healthy study population. RESULTS: Using shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we observed changes in single bacterial species following fresh and pasteurized sauerkraut consumption. More pronounced changes were observed in the pasteurized sauerkraut intervention arm. Only pasteurized sauerkraut consumption increased serum short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). CONCLUSIONS: The gut microbiome of healthy individuals is rather resilient to short-term dietary interventions even though single species might be affected by sauerkraut consumption. Video Abstract.
Experiment 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- Germany
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Diet Dietary,Diets,Diet,diet
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Group A: Before Fresh Sauerkraut Intervention
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Group A: Post Fresh Sauerkraut Intervention
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Similar Participants after intervention with fresh Sauerkraut
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 41
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 41
- Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
- 3 months
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- WMS
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- Not specified
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- relative abundances
- Statistical test
- Mixed-Effects Regression
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.1
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- Yes
Alpha Diversity
- Pielou Quantifies how equal the community is numerically
- unchanged
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Inverse Simpson Modification of Simpsons index D as 1/D to obtain high values in datasets of high diversity and vice versa
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Source: Figure 4
Description: Species with significant effects after fresh sauerkraut intervention.
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Group A: Post Fresh Sauerkraut Intervention
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Lacticaseibacillus paracasei |
Revision editor(s): Taofeecoh
Experiment 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Group B: Before Pasteurized Sauerkraut Intervention
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Group B: Post Pasteurized Sauerkraut Intervention
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Similar Participants after intervention with pasteurized Sauerkraut.
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 46
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 46
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Pielou Quantifies how equal the community is numerically
- unchanged
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Inverse Simpson Modification of Simpsons index D as 1/D to obtain high values in datasets of high diversity and vice versa
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Source: Figure 4A
Description: Species with significant effects after pasteurized intervention
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Group B: Post Pasteurized Sauerkraut Intervention
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Anaerostipes hadrus |
Revision editor(s): Taofeecoh
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Source: Figure 4A
Description: Species with significant effects after pasteurized intervention
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Group B: Post Pasteurized Sauerkraut Intervention
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Blautia obeum |
Revision editor(s): Taofeecoh
Experiment 3
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Age Strata before Fresh Sauerkraut Intervention: Age ≥ 50 (50-69)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Age Strata after Fresh Sauerkraut Intervention: Age ≥ 50 (50-69)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Participants with age ≥ 50 (50-69) that received Fresh Sauerkraut Intervention.
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- Not specified
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- Not specified
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Pielou Quantifies how equal the community is numerically
- unchanged
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Inverse Simpson Modification of Simpsons index D as 1/D to obtain high values in datasets of high diversity and vice versa
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Source: Supplementary Figure S11
Description: Species’ relative abundance before fresh intervention vs after fresh intervention
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Age Strata after Fresh Sauerkraut Intervention: Age ≥ 50 (50-69)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | ||
| Phocaeicola dorei | ||
| GGB9561 SGB14972GGB9561 SGB14972 |
Revision editor(s): Taofeecoh
Experiment 4
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Age Strata before Fresh Sauerkraut Intervention: Age < 50 (21-49)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Age Strata after Fresh Sauerkraut Intervention: Age < 50 (21-49)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Participants with age < 50 (21-49) that received fresh Sauerkraut Intervention.
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
- Confounders controlled for Confounding factors that have been accounted for by stratification or model adjustment
- age
Alpha Diversity
- Pielou Quantifies how equal the community is numerically
- unchanged
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Inverse Simpson Modification of Simpsons index D as 1/D to obtain high values in datasets of high diversity and vice versa
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Source: Supplementary Figure S11
Description: Species’ relative abundance before fresh intervention vs after fresh intervention
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Age Strata after Fresh Sauerkraut Intervention: Age < 50 (21-49)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Lacticaseibacillus paracasei |
Revision editor(s): Taofeecoh, KateRasheed
Experiment 5
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Body Mass Index (BMI) Strata before Fresh Sauerkraut Intervention: BMI ≥ 25 (25-31)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Body Mass Index (BMI) Strata after Fresh Sauerkraut Intervention: BMI ≥ 25 (25-31)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Participants with BMI ≥ 25 (25-31) that received Fresh Sauerkraut.
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
- Confounders controlled for Confounding factors that have been accounted for by stratification or model adjustment
- body mass index
Alpha Diversity
- Pielou Quantifies how equal the community is numerically
- unchanged
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Inverse Simpson Modification of Simpsons index D as 1/D to obtain high values in datasets of high diversity and vice versa
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Source: Supplementary Figure S11
Description: Species’ relative abundance before fresh intervention vs after fresh intervention
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Body Mass Index (BMI) Strata after Fresh Sauerkraut Intervention: BMI ≥ 25 (25-31)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| GGB9512 SGB14909GGB9512 SGB14909 |
Revision editor(s): Taofeecoh
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Source: Supplementary Figure 11
Description: Species’ relative abundance before fresh intervention vs after fresh intervention
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Body Mass Index (BMI) Strata after Fresh Sauerkraut Intervention: BMI ≥ 25 (25-31)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Lacticaseibacillus paracasei |
Revision editor(s): KateRasheed
Experiment 6
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- BMI Strata before Fresh Sauerkraut Intervention: BMI ≤ 25 (18-25)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- BMI Strata after Fresh Sauerkraut Intervention: BMI ≤ 25 (18-25)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Participants with BMI ≤ 25 (18-25) that received fresh Sauerkraut Intervention.
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Pielou Quantifies how equal the community is numerically
- unchanged
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Inverse Simpson Modification of Simpsons index D as 1/D to obtain high values in datasets of high diversity and vice versa
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Source: Supplementary Figure S11
Description: Species’ relative abundance before fresh intervention vs after fresh intervention
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in BMI Strata after Fresh Sauerkraut Intervention: BMI ≤ 25 (18-25)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Lacticaseibacillus paracasei |
Revision editor(s): Taofeecoh, KateRasheed
Experiment 7
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Fiber intake Strata before Pasteurized Sauerkraut Intervention: Fiber ≤ 30g (8-30g)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Fiber intake Strata after Pasteurized Sauerkraut Intervention: Fiber ≤ 30g (8-30g)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Participants with ≤ 30g (8-30g) fiber diet that received Pasteurized Sauerkraut Intervention.
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
- Confounders controlled for Confounding factors that have been accounted for by stratification or model adjustment
- Confounders controlled for: "fiber intake" is not in the list (abnormal glucose tolerance, acetaldehyde, acute graft vs. host disease, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, adenoma, age, AIDS, alcohol consumption measurement, alcohol drinking, ...) of allowed values.fiber intake
Alpha Diversity
- Pielou Quantifies how equal the community is numerically
- unchanged
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Inverse Simpson Modification of Simpsons index D as 1/D to obtain high values in datasets of high diversity and vice versa
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Source: Supplementary Figure S11
Description: Species’ relative abundance before pasteurized intervention vs after pasteurized intervention
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Fiber intake Strata after Pasteurized Sauerkraut Intervention: Fiber ≤ 30g (8-30g)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Anaerobutyricum hallii | ||
| Anaerostipes hadrus |
Revision editor(s): Taofeecoh
Experiment 8
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Fiber intake Strata before fresh Sauerkraut Intervention: Fiber ≤ 30g (8-30g)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Fiber intake Strata after fresh Sauerkraut Intervention: Fiber ≤ 30g (8-30g)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Participants with ≤ 30g (8-30g) fiber diet that received fresh Sauerkraut Intervention.
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
- Confounders controlled for Confounding factors that have been accounted for by stratification or model adjustment
- Not specified
Alpha Diversity
- Pielou Quantifies how equal the community is numerically
- unchanged
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Inverse Simpson Modification of Simpsons index D as 1/D to obtain high values in datasets of high diversity and vice versa
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Source: Supplementary Figure 11
Description: Species’ relative abundance before fresh intervention vs after fresh intervention
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Fiber intake Strata after fresh Sauerkraut Intervention: Fiber ≤ 30g (8-30g)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Lacticaseibacillus paracasei |
Revision editor(s): Taofeecoh, KateRasheed
Experiment 9
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Fiber intake Strata before fresh Sauerkraut Intervention: Fiber ≥ 30g (30-58g)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Fiber intake Strata after fresh Sauerkraut Intervention: Fiber ≥ 30g (30-58g)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Participants with ≥ 30g (30-58g) fiber diet that received fresh Sauerkraut Intervention.
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
- Confounders controlled for Confounding factors that have been accounted for by stratification or model adjustment
- Confounders controlled for: "fibre intake" is not in the list (abnormal glucose tolerance, acetaldehyde, acute graft vs. host disease, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, adenoma, age, AIDS, alcohol consumption measurement, alcohol drinking, ...) of allowed values.fibre intake
Alpha Diversity
- Pielou Quantifies how equal the community is numerically
- unchanged
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Inverse Simpson Modification of Simpsons index D as 1/D to obtain high values in datasets of high diversity and vice versa
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Source: Supplementary Figure 11
Description: Species’ relative abundance before fresh intervention vs after fresh intervention
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Fiber intake Strata after fresh Sauerkraut Intervention: Fiber ≥ 30g (30-58g)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Lacticaseibacillus paracasei |
Revision editor(s): KateRasheed
Experiment 10
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Male Strata before fresh Sauerkraut Intervention
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Male Strata after fresh Sauerkraut Intervention
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Male participants that received Fresh Sauerkraut Intervention.
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 18
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 18
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
- Confounders controlled for Confounding factors that have been accounted for by stratification or model adjustment
- sex
Alpha Diversity
- Pielou Quantifies how equal the community is numerically
- unchanged
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Inverse Simpson Modification of Simpsons index D as 1/D to obtain high values in datasets of high diversity and vice versa
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Source: Supplementary Figure 11
Description: Species’ relative abundance before fresh intervention vs after fresh intervention
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Male Strata after fresh Sauerkraut Intervention
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Lacticaseibacillus paracasei |
Revision editor(s): KateRasheed
Experiment 11
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Female Strata before fresh Sauerkraut Intervention
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Female Strata after fresh Sauerkraut Intervention
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Female participants that received Fresh Sauerkraut Intervention.
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 23
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 23
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Pielou Quantifies how equal the community is numerically
- unchanged
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Inverse Simpson Modification of Simpsons index D as 1/D to obtain high values in datasets of high diversity and vice versa
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Source: Supplementary Figure 11
Description: Species’ relative abundance before fresh intervention vs after fresh intervention
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Female Strata after fresh Sauerkraut Intervention
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Lacticaseibacillus paracasei |
Revision editor(s): KateRasheed
Experiment 12
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Age Strata before pasteurized Sauerkraut Intervention: Age ≥ 50 (50-69)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Age Strata after pasteurized Sauerkraut Intervention: Age ≥ 50 (50-69)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Participants with age ≥ 50 (50-69) that received pasteurized Sauerkraut Intervention.
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- Not specified
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- Not specified
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
- Confounders controlled for Confounding factors that have been accounted for by stratification or model adjustment
- age
Alpha Diversity
- Pielou Quantifies how equal the community is numerically
- unchanged
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Inverse Simpson Modification of Simpsons index D as 1/D to obtain high values in datasets of high diversity and vice versa
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Source: Supplementary Figure 11
Description: Species’ relative abundance before pasteurized intervention vs after pasteurized intervention
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Age Strata after pasteurized Sauerkraut Intervention: Age ≥ 50 (50-69)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| GGB9631 SGB15085GGB9631 SGB15085 | ||
| GGB9603 SGB15035GGB9603 SGB15035 |
Revision editor(s): KateRasheed
Experiment 13
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Age Strata before pasteurized Sauerkraut Intervention: Age < 50 (21-49)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Age Strata after pasteurized Sauerkraut Intervention: Age < 50 (21-49)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Participants with age < 50 (21-49) that received pasteurized Sauerkraut Intervention.
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Pielou Quantifies how equal the community is numerically
- unchanged
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Inverse Simpson Modification of Simpsons index D as 1/D to obtain high values in datasets of high diversity and vice versa
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Source: Supplementary Figure 11
Description: Species’ relative abundance before pasteurized intervention vs after pasteurized intervention
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Age Strata after pasteurized Sauerkraut Intervention: Age < 50 (21-49)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Anaerostipes hadrus |
Revision editor(s): KateRasheed
Experiment 14
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- BMI Strata before pasteurized Sauerkraut Intervention: BMI ≥ 25 (25-31)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- BMI Strata after pasteurized Sauerkraut Intervention: BMI ≥ 25 (25-31)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Participants with BMI ≥ 25 (25-31) that received pasteurized Sauerkraut.
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
- Confounders controlled for Confounding factors that have been accounted for by stratification or model adjustment
- body mass index
Alpha Diversity
- Pielou Quantifies how equal the community is numerically
- unchanged
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Inverse Simpson Modification of Simpsons index D as 1/D to obtain high values in datasets of high diversity and vice versa
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Source: Supplementary Figure 11
Description: Species’ relative abundance before pasteurized intervention vs after pasteurized intervention
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in BMI Strata after pasteurized Sauerkraut Intervention: BMI ≥ 25 (25-31)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Blautia faecis |
Revision editor(s): KateRasheed
Experiment 15
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- BMI Strata before pasteurized Sauerkraut Intervention: BMI ≤ 25 (18-25)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- BMI Strata after pasteurized Sauerkraut Intervention: BMI ≤ 25 (18-25)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Participants with BMI ≤ 25 (18-25) that received pasteurized Sauerkraut Intervention.
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Pielou Quantifies how equal the community is numerically
- unchanged
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Inverse Simpson Modification of Simpsons index D as 1/D to obtain high values in datasets of high diversity and vice versa
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-25
Source: Supplementary Figure 11
Description: Species’ relative abundance before pasteurized intervention vs after pasteurized intervention
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in BMI Strata after pasteurized Sauerkraut Intervention: BMI ≤ 25 (18-25)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Anaerostipes hadrus |
Revision editor(s): KateRasheed
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