Influence of dietary components on the gut microbiota of middle-aged adults: the gut-Mediterranean connection/Experiment 3
From BugSigDB
Needs review
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- Canada
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Diet measurement Diet measurement,diet measurement
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- (Q1) low level of diet
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- (Q4) High level of diet
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Association between Mediterranean food components and gut microbiome. A Spearman correlation analysis between the modified Mediterranean diet score (mMDS) and its dietary components.
- Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
- 3 months
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- Not specified
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- relative abundances
- Statistical test
- Spearman Correlation
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- Confounders controlled for Confounding factors that have been accounted for by stratification or model adjustment
- Confounders controlled for: "bmi" is not in the list (abnormal glucose tolerance, acetaldehyde, acute graft vs. host disease, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, adenoma, age, AIDS, alcohol consumption measurement, alcohol drinking, ...) of allowed values.bmi, Confounders controlled for: "bp" is not in the list (abnormal glucose tolerance, acetaldehyde, acute graft vs. host disease, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, adenoma, age, AIDS, alcohol consumption measurement, alcohol drinking, ...) of allowed values.bp, Confounders controlled for: "fatty acid ratio" is not in the list (abnormal glucose tolerance, acetaldehyde, acute graft vs. host disease, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, adenoma, age, AIDS, alcohol consumption measurement, alcohol drinking, ...) of allowed values.fatty acid ratio, Confounders controlled for: "modified mediterian diet score" is not in the list (abnormal glucose tolerance, acetaldehyde, acute graft vs. host disease, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, adenoma, age, AIDS, alcohol consumption measurement, alcohol drinking, ...) of allowed values.modified mediterian diet score
Signature 1
Needs review
Source: Figure 5C
Description: Experiment 1 – Fruits and Legumes
Increased intake of fiber-rich fruits and legumes was positively correlated with the abundance of Prevotella and Coprococcus, two genera well-known for their carbohydrate-fermenting capacity. This suggests that diets enriched in plant polysaccharides foster beneficial taxa that produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).
Experiment 2 – Whole Grains
Consumption of whole grains was linked to higher levels of Clostridium XIVb and Parabacteroides. These bacteria are efficient degraders of resistant starches and contribute to metabolic resilience, reinforcing the role of grain-derived fiber in shaping gut ecology.
Experiment 3 – Fish and Fatty Acids
Dietary fish intake and higher saturated fat consumption showed significant positive associations with Turicibacter. In contrast, Prevotella exhibited a marked negative association with saturated fats, indicating opposing microbial responses depending on fat type and highlighting the nuanced role of lipid quality in microbiota modulation.
Experiment 4 – Alcohol
Alcohol consumption, despite its mixed health profile, correlated positively with Prevotella. This may partly reflect polyphenol-rich beverages (e.g., red wine), previously linked to improved microbial diversity, though the specific alcohol sources were not detailed in this study.
Experiment 5 – Meat and Dairy
Higher intakes of meat and dairy were negatively associated with carbohydrate-degrading taxa including Prevotella and Clostridium XIVb. These findings align with the concept that animal-based foods shift the microbiota toward taxa adapted to protein and fat metabolism, potentially reducing microbial diversity.
Experiment 6 – Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA/PUFA)
Positive correlations between Holdemanella and unsaturated fatty acid intake emphasize how dietary lipid quality, rather than total fat, may promote beneficial microbial taxa. This supports dietary recommendations that favor MUFA/PUFA over SFA.
Experiment 7 – Overall Diet Quality (mMDS score)
When participants were categorized by Mediterranean diet score (mMDS), higher adherence was consistently associated with greater abundance of Prevotella, Clostridium XIVb, and Coprococcus. These taxa act as ecological markers of a high-fiber, plant-based dietary pattern, reinforcing the broader structural effects of the MedD on gut microbial composition.
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in (Q4) High level of diet
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Coprococcus | ||
| Fusobacterium | ||
| Prevotella | ||
| Turicibacter |
Revision editor(s): SheikhAlMamun
Signature 2
Needs review
Source: Figure 5C
Description: Experiment 1 – Fruits and Legumes
Decreased intake of fiber-rich fruits and legumes was positively correlated with the abundance of Prevotella and Coprococcus, two genera well-known for their carbohydrate-fermenting capacity. This suggests that diets enriched in plant polysaccharides foster beneficial taxa that produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).
Experiment 2 – Whole Grains
Consumption of whole grains was linked to lower levels of Clostridium XIVb and Parabacteroides. These bacteria are efficient degraders of resistant starches and contribute to metabolic resilience, reinforcing the role of grain-derived fiber in shaping gut ecology.
Experiment 3 – Fish and Fatty Acids
Dietary fish intake and higher saturated fat consumption showed significant positive associations with Turicibacter. In contrast, Prevotella exhibited a marked negative association with saturated fats, indicating opposing microbial responses depending on fat type and highlighting the nuanced role of lipid quality in microbiota modulation.
Experiment 4 – Alcohol
Alcohol consumption, despite its mixed health profile, correlated negatively with Prevotella. This may partly reflect polyphenol-rich beverages (e.g., red wine), previously linked to improved microbial diversity, though the specific alcohol sources were not detailed in this study.
Experiment 5 – Meat and Dairy
Higher intakes of meat and dairy were negatively associated with carbohydrate-degrading taxa including Prevotella and Clostridium XIVb. These findings align with the concept that animal-based foods shift the microbiota toward taxa adapted to protein and fat metabolism, potentially reducing microbial diversity.
Experiment 6 – Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA/PUFA)
Negative correlations between Holdemanella and unsaturated fatty acid intake emphasize how dietary lipid quality, rather than total fat, may promote beneficial microbial taxa. This supports dietary recommendations that favor MUFA/PUFA over SFA.
Experiment 7 – Overall Diet Quality (mMDS score)
When participants were categorized by Mediterranean diet score (mMDS), higher adherence was consistently associated with decrease of Prevotella, Clostridium XIVb, and Coprococcus. These taxa act as ecological markers of a high-fiber, plant-based dietary pattern, reinforcing the broader structural effects of the MedD on gut microbial composition.
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in (Q4) High level of diet
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| ParabacteroidsParabacteroids | ||
| Clostridium X1VaClostridium X1Va | ||
| Clostridium X1VbClostridium X1Vb | ||
| Holdemanella | ||
| Anaerovorax |
Revision editor(s): SheikhAlMamun
