Maternal smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of gut microbiome-associated childhood overweight and obesity

Study information

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2024-7-18

study design

time series / longitudinal observational

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

38436093

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2024.2323234

URI

Authors

Peng Y, Tun HM, Ng SC, Wai HK, Zhang X, Parks J, Field CJ, Mandhane P, Moraes TJ, Simons E, Turvey SE, Subbarao P, Brook JR, Takaro TK, Scott JA, Chan FK, Kozyrskyj AL

Journal

Gut microbes

Year

2024

Keywords:

Maternal smoking, butyrate production, childhood obesity, gut microbiota

Childhood obesity is linked to maternal smoking during pregnancy. Gut microbiota may partially mediate this association and could be potential targets for intervention; however, its role is understudied. We included 1,592 infants from the Canadian Healthy Infants Longitudinal Development Cohort. Data on environmental exposure and lifestyle factors were collected prenatally and throughout the first three years. Weight outcomes were measured at one and three years of age. Stool samples collected at 3 and 12 months were analyzed by sequencing the V4 region of 16S rRNA to profile microbial compositions and magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify the metabolites. We showed that quitting smoking during pregnancy did not lower the risk of offspring being overweight. However, exclusive breastfeeding until the third month of age may alleviate these risks. We also reported that maternal smoking during pregnancy significantly increased Firmicutes abundance and diversity. We further revealed that Firmicutes diversity mediates the elevated risk of childhood overweight and obesity linked to maternal prenatal smoking. This effect possibly occurs through excessive microbial butyrate production. These findings add to the evidence that women should quit smoking before their pregnancies to prevent microbiome-mediated childhood overweight and obesity risk, and indicate the potential obesogenic role of excessive butyrate production in early life.

Experiment 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2024-7-18

Curated date: 2024/04/21

Curator: Omojokunoluwatomisin

Revision editor(s): Omojokunoluwatomisin, Scholastica

Subjects

Location of subjects: Canada

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.: Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Smoking behaviour measurement Smoking behaviour measurement,smoking behaviour measurement

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Early infants (3 months) with maternal history of 'NO' 'smoking

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Early infants (3 months) with maternal history of 'YES' 'smoking

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Infants (3 months old) whose mothers quit smoking during pregnancy, reduced the number of cigarettes, or had the same number of cigarettes (as before conception) during pregnancy.

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 1458

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 134

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V4

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).: relative abundances

Statistical test: LEfSe

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05

MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: Yes

LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool: 2

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: increased

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: increased

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness: increased

Richness Number of species: increased

Faith Phylogenetic diversity, takes into account phylogenetic distance of all taxa identified in a sample: increased

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2024-7-18

Curated date: 2024/04/21

Curator: Omojokunoluwatomisin

Revision editor(s): Omojokunoluwatomisin, Scholastica

Source: Figure 2B, Supplementary Table S8

Description: Differentially abundant taxa identified by LEfSe in smoke exposed versus non-smoke exposed early infants (3 months old)

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Early infants (3 months) with maternal history of 'YES' 'smoking

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Bacillota
Burkholderiales
Clostridia
Clostridioides
Eubacteriales
Flavonifractor
Lachnoclostridium
Lachnospiraceae
Lachnospirales
Mediterraneibacter gnavus
Megasphaera
Negativicutes
Oscillospiraceae
Oscillospiraceae incertae sedis
Peptostreptococcaceae
Peptostreptococcales
Selenomonadales
Sutterella
Sutterellaceae
Tissierellales
Veillonellaceae
Veillonellales
[Ruminococcus] torques
Ruminococcaceae UBA1819Ruminococcaceae UBA1819

Revision editor(s): Omojokunoluwatomisin, Scholastica

Signature 2

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2024-7-18

Curated date: 2024/04/21

Curator: Omojokunoluwatomisin

Revision editor(s): Omojokunoluwatomisin, Scholastica

Source: Figure 2B, Supplementary Table S8

Description: Differentially abundant taxa identified by LEfSe in smoke exposed versus non-smoke exposed early infants (3 months old)

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Early infants (3 months) with maternal history of 'YES' 'smoking

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Blautia
Haemophilus
Micrococcaceae
Micrococcales
Oscillospiraceae
Pasteurellaceae
Pasteurellales
Rothia

Revision editor(s): Omojokunoluwatomisin, Scholastica

Experiment 2

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Curated date: 2024/04/22

Curator: Omojokunoluwatomisin

Revision editor(s): Omojokunoluwatomisin, Scholastica

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Late infants (12months) with maternal history of 'NO' 'smoking

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Late infants (12months) with maternal history of 'YES' 'smoking

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Infants (12 months old) whose mothers quit smoking during pregnancy, reduced the number of cigarettes, or had the same number of cigarettes (as before conception) during pregnancy.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: increased

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: increased

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness: increased

Richness Number of species: increased

Faith Phylogenetic diversity, takes into account phylogenetic distance of all taxa identified in a sample: increased

Signature 1

Edit History Delete

Flag for review

Your review change was submitted

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2024-7-18

Curated date: 2024/04/22

Curator: Omojokunoluwatomisin

Revision editor(s): Omojokunoluwatomisin, Scholastica, MyleeeA

Source: Figure 2B, Supplementary Table S8

Description: Differentially abundant taxa identified by LEfSe in smoke exposed versus non-smoke exposed late infants (12 months old)

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Late infants (12months) with maternal history of 'YES' 'smoking

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Bilophila
Butyricicoccaceae
Butyricicoccus
Colidextribacter
Desulfovibrionaceae
Desulfovibrionales
Desulfovibrionia
Flavonifractor
Oscillospiraceae
Oscillospiraceae incertae sedis
Sutterella
Thermodesulfobacteriota
[Ruminococcus] torques
uncultured Lachnospiraceae bacterium
Ruminococcaceae UBA1819Ruminococcaceae UBA1819
Clostridia UCG 014Clostridia UCG 014
Coprobacillaceae