Insights into estrogen impact in oral health & microbiome in COVID-19
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Study information
-
Quality control
- Retracted paper
- Contamination issues suspected
- Batch effect issues suspected
- Uncontrolled confounding suspected
- Results are suspect (various reasons)
- Tags applied
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI
Authors
Bayardo-González RA, Peña-Rodríguez M, Pereira-Suárez AL, Rubio-Sánchez AX, García-Chagollán M, Valenzuela-Orozco DN, Lizarazo-Taborda MDR, Mora-Mora J, Vega-Magaña N
Journal
BMC microbiology
Year
2024
Keywords:
COVID-19, Cytokines, Inflammation, Microbiome, Women-s health
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 emerged in late 2019 and has occasioned more than 765 millions cumulative cases and 6.9 millions of deaths globally. Notably, around 70% of patients with severe COVID-19 are men. Therefore, it is to be presumed that women have a hormonal protector factor in inflammation and ACE2 expression. On the other hand, oral health status, and local microbiome can be key factors to respiratory viral infections control. Nevertheless, it has been poorly investigated. In our study 20 premenopausal, 18 postmenopausal and 22 men with COVID-19 were included. Oral health status, viral load, lingual ACE2 expression, as well as microbiome, estrogens and cytokines in saliva were analyzed. RESULTS: Our results showed a lower expression of ACE2 in tongue cells of postmenopausal compared with premenopausal (p = 0.05), and a strong negative correlation between saliva estrogen and viral load (r = -0.76; p = 0.001). Respect to IFN-γ (p = 0.05), IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-18, and IL-23 levels were increased in postmenopausal. Oral microbiome signature of premenopausal was characterized by Prevotella melaninogenica (Log2 = 26.68; p = 1.34e-10), Haemophilus (Log2 = 23.99; p = 2.96e-9), and Alloprevotella (Log2 = 7.92; p = 0.0001). On the other hand, Leptotrichia (Log2 = -18.74; p = 0.001), Tanerella (Log2 = -17.08; p = 0.004), and Clostridiales (Log2 = -2.88; p = 0.04) represented the poor oral health group compared with the adequate group which was enriched with the commensal microorganism Neisseria perflava (Log2 = 26.70; p = 1.74e-7). Furthermore, the high viral load group was characterized by Prevotella nanceiensis (Log2 = 19.60; p = 6.06e-8), Prevotella melaninogenica (Log2 = 21.45; p = 9.59e-6), Alloprevotella (Log2 = 23.50; p = 2.70e-7) and bacteria from the red complex Porphyromonas endodentalis (Log2 = 21.97; p = 1.38e-7). CONCLUSIONS: Postmenopausal and men have a poor oral health status which could be related to a detrimental progression of COVID-19 also linked to a lower expression of ACE2, lower saliva estrogen levels and oral dysbiosis. Nevertheless, functional studies are required for a deeper knowledge.
Experiment 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2024-6-21
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- Mexico
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Saliva Sailva normalis,Saliva atomaris,Saliva molecularis,Salivary gland secretion,Saliva,saliva
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Menopause Change of Life, Female,Menopause,menopause
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Premenopausal women group
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Postmenopausal women group
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Postmenopausal women with COVID-19
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 20
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 18
- Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
- 30 days
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- V3-V4
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- raw counts
- Statistical test
- DESeq2
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- No
Alpha Diversity
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2024-6-21
Source: Figure 3c
Description: DeSeq2 deferentially abundant taxa in premenopausal women compared to postmenopausal women group
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Postmenopausal women group
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Alloprevotella | ||
| Haemophilus | ||
| Hoylesella nanceiensis | ||
| Neisseria | ||
| Prevotella melaninogenica |
Revision editor(s): EniolaAde, Scholastica
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2024-6-21
Source: Figure 3c
Description: DeSeq2 deferentially abundant taxa in premenopausal women compared to postmenopausal women group
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Postmenopausal women group
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Neisseria |
Revision editor(s): EniolaAde, Scholastica
Experiment 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2024-6-21
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Microbiome measurement Microbiome measurement,microbiome measurement
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Adequate oral health group
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Poor oral health group
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- COVID-19 patients with poor oral health status. Patients were classified as having poor oral health when there were more than two caries, hygiene index higher than 2.5, gingival inflammation between 2–3 and bleeding when toothbrushing.
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- Not specified
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- Not specified
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2024-6-21
Source: Figure 3f
Description: DESeq2 differentially abundant taxa in poor oral health group compared to adequate oral health group
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Poor oral health group
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Neisseria perflava | ||
| unclassified Neisseria | ||
| Clostridia UCG-014Clostridia UCG-014 |
Revision editor(s): EniolaAde, Scholastica
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2024-6-21
Source: Figure 3f
Description: DESeq2 differentially abundant taxa in poor oral health group compared to adequate oral health group
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Poor oral health group
Revision editor(s): EniolaAde, Scholastica
Experiment 3
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2024-6-21
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Viral load viral burden,viral titer,viral titre,Viral load,viral load
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Moderate SARS-CoV-2 viral load group
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- High SARS-CoV-2 viral load group
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- COVID-19 patients with high SARS-CoV-2 viral load
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 11
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 41
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2024-6-21
Source: Figure 3i
Description: DESeq2 differentially abundant taxa in moderate compared to high SARS-CoV-2 viral load group
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in High SARS-CoV-2 viral load group
Revision editor(s): EniolaAde, Scholastica
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