Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Study information
incomplete
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI
Authors
Zou R, Xu F, Wang Y, Duan M, Guo M, Zhang Q, Zhao H, Zheng H
Journal
Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research
Year
2020
Keywords:
Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Prevotella, autism spectrum disorders, children, gut microbiota
Alterations in the gut microbiota may influence gastrointestinal (GI) dysbiosis frequently reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we sequenced the bacterial 16S rRNA gene to evaluate changes in fecal microbiota between 48 children with ASD and 48 healthy children in China. At the phylum level, the number of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia decreased in children with ASD, while the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes was significantly higher in autistic children due to enrichment of Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, the amount of Bacteroides, Prevotella, Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis, and Megamonas increased, while Clostridium XlVa, Eisenbergiella, Clostridium IV, Flavonifractor, Escherichia/Shigella, Haemophilus, Akkermansia, and Dialister decreased in children with ASD relative to the controls. Significant increase was observed in the number of species synthesizing branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), like Bacteroides vulgatus and Prevotella copri, while the numbers of Bacteroides fragilis and Akkermansia muciniphila decreased in children with ASD compared to the controls. Most importantly, the highest levels of pathogenic bacteria were different for each child with ASD in this cohort. We found that only one functional module, cellular antigens, was enriched in children with ASD, and other pathways like lysine degradation and tryptophan metabolism were significantly decreased in children with ASD. These findings provide further evidence of altered gut microbiota in Chinese ASD children and may contribute to the treatment of patients with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: This study characterized the gut bacteria composition of 48 children with ASD and 48 neurotypical children in China. The metabolic disruptions caused by altered gut microbiota may contribute significantly to the neurological pathophysiology of ASD, including significant increases in the number of species synthesizing BCAAs, and decreases in the number of probiotic species. These findings suggest that a gut microbiome-associated therapeutic intervention may provide a novel strategy for treating GI symptoms frequently seen in individuals with ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1614-1625. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experiment 1
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- China
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Autism spectrum disorder atypical autism,autism spectrum disease,autism spectrum disorder,Autism Spectrum Disorders,autistic spectrum disorder,CHILD DEVELOPMENT DIS PERVASIVE,Child Development Disorders, Pervasive,Development Disorder, Pervasive,Development Disorders, Pervasive,Disorder, Autism Spectrum,Disorder, Pervasive Development,Disorders, Autism Spectrum,Disorders, Pervasive Development,PDD,PERVASIVE CHILD DEVELOPMENT DIS,Pervasive Child Development Disorders,Pervasive Development Disorder,Pervasive Development Disorders,pervasive developmental disorder - not otherwise specified,pervasive developmental disorders,Spectrum Disorder, Autism,Spectrum Disorders, Autism,Autism spectrum disorder
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Healthy controls
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Autistic
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Diagnosis of autistic disorder defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition (DSM IV - TR) and confirmed using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R)
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 48
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 48
- Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
- Use of probiotics or antibiotics prior to fecal sample collection
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- V3-V4
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- raw counts
- Statistical test
- T-Test
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- No
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- increased
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- increased
- Richness Number of species
- increased
Signature 1
Source: Figure 3, Table 3, Table 4
Description: Species, Families and Genera with significantly different abundances between ASD and control groups
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Autistic
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Bacteroidaceae | ||
| Bacteroides | ||
| Lachnospira eligens | ||
| Megamonas | ||
| Phocaeicola coprocola | ||
| Phocaeicola vulgatus | ||
| Prevotella | ||
| Prevotellaceae | ||
| Roseburia faecis | ||
| Segatella copri |
Revision editor(s): AlishaM
Signature 2
Source: Figure 3, Table 3, Table 4
Description: Species, Families and Genera with significantly different abundances between ASD and control groups
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Autistic
Revision editor(s): AlishaM
Experiment 2
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Diagnosis of autistic disorder defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition (DSM IV-TR) and confirmed using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R)
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- relative abundances
- Statistical test
- ANOVA
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- Not specified
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- increased
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- increased
- Richness Number of species
- increased
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