Characterization of the Tissue and Strain-Specific Microbiota of Anopheles funestus Giles (Diptera: Culicidae)
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Study information
-
Quality control
- Retracted paper
- Contamination issues suspected
- Batch effect issues suspected
- Uncontrolled confounding suspected
- Results are suspect (various reasons)
- Tags applied
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI
Authors
Chen CY, Chan WY, Ismail A, Oliver SV
Journal
Tropical medicine and infectious disease
Year
2024
Keywords:
16S rRNA, microbiota, midgut, mosquito, ovaries, paratransgenesis, salivary glands, vector control
The mosquito microbiota is a critical determinant of mosquito life history. It is therefore a target for novel vector control strategies like paratransgenesis. However, the microbiota in Anopheles funestus, a major African malaria vector, is poorly characterized. Thus, the study aimed to investigate the overall bacterial landscape in the salivary glands, ovaries and midguts of three laboratory strains of An. funestus differing in insecticide-resistant phenotype by sequencing the V3-V4 hypervariable region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. When examining alpha diversity, the salivary glands harbored significantly more bacteria in terms of species richness and evenness compared to ovaries and midguts. On the strain level, the insecticide-susceptible FANG strain had significantly lower bacterial diversity than the insecticide-resistant FUMOZ and FUMOZ-R strains. When looking at beta diversity, the compositions of microbiota between the three tissues as well as between the strains were statistically different. While there were common bacteria across all three tissues and strains of interest, each tissue and strain did exhibit differentially abundant bacterial genera. However, overall, the top five most abundant genera across all tissues and strains were Elizabethkingia, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Cedecea and Yersinia. The presence of shared microbiota suggests a core microbiota that could be exploited for paratransgenesis efforts.
Experiment 1
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- South Africa
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
- Anopheles funestus
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Midgut , Saliva-secreting gland Mesenteron,Midgut,midgut,Glandulae salivariae,Salivary gland,Saliva-secreting gland,saliva-secreting gland
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Sampling site Sampling site,sampling site
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Anopheles funestus (Midgut)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Anopheles funestus (Salivary gland)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Adults Anopheles funestus that were three days old and had not been blood-fed were used for midgut dissections
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 30
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 25
- Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
- N/A
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- V3-V4
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- raw counts
- Statistical test
- DESeq2
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.01
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- No
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- increased
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- increased
Signature 1
Source: Figure 5a
Description: Differential abundance of genera in Anopheles funestus tissues between midgut (left) and salivary glands (right).
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Anopheles funestus (Salivary gland)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Pseudomonas | ||
| Klebsiella | ||
| Cedecea | ||
| Azospirillum | ||
| Agromyces |
Revision editor(s): MyleeeA
Signature 2
Source: Figure 5a
Description: Differential abundance of genera in Anopheles funestus tissues between midgut (left) and salivary glands (right).
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Anopheles funestus (Salivary gland)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | ||
| Cutibacterium | ||
| Flectobacillus | ||
| Aeromonas | ||
| Streptococcus |
Revision editor(s): MyleeeA
Experiment 2
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Midgut , Ovary Mesenteron,Midgut,midgut,Animal ovary,Female gonad,Female organism genitalia gonad,Female organism genitalia gonada,Female organism reproductive system gonad,Female organism reproductive system gonada,Female reproductive system gonad,Female reproductive system gonada,Genitalia of female organism gonad,Genitalia of female organism gonada,Gonad of female organism genitalia,Gonad of female organism reproductive system,Gonad of female reproductive system,Gonad of genitalia of female organism,Gonad of reproductive system of female organism,Gonada of female organism genitalia,Gonada of female organism reproductive system,Gonada of female reproductive system,Gonada of genitalia of female organism,Gonada of reproductive system of female organism,Ovaries,Ovarium,Ovum-producing ovary,Reproductive system of female organism gonad,Reproductive system of female organism gonada,Ovary,ovary
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Anopheles funestus (Ovaries)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Anopheles funestus ovaries were dissected from female adults that were 15 days old and had had 3 blood meals.
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 25
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- unchanged
Signature 1
Source: Figure 5b
Description: Differential abundance of genera in Anopheles funestus tissues between midgut (left) and Ovaries (right).
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Anopheles funestus (Ovaries)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Klebsiella | ||
| Azospirillum | ||
| Agromyces | ||
| Aeromonas | ||
| Pseudomonas |
Revision editor(s): MyleeeA
Signature 2
Source: Figure 5b
Description: Differential abundance of genera in Anopheles funestus tissues between midgut (left) and Ovaries (right).
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Anopheles funestus (Ovaries)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Klebsiella |
Revision editor(s): MyleeeA
Experiment 3
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Saliva-secreting gland , Ovary Glandulae salivariae,Salivary gland,Saliva-secreting gland,saliva-secreting gland,Animal ovary,Female gonad,Female organism genitalia gonad,Female organism genitalia gonada,Female organism reproductive system gonad,Female organism reproductive system gonada,Female reproductive system gonad,Female reproductive system gonada,Genitalia of female organism gonad,Genitalia of female organism gonada,Gonad of female organism genitalia,Gonad of female organism reproductive system,Gonad of female reproductive system,Gonad of genitalia of female organism,Gonad of reproductive system of female organism,Gonada of female organism genitalia,Gonada of female organism reproductive system,Gonada of female reproductive system,Gonada of genitalia of female organism,Gonada of reproductive system of female organism,Ovaries,Ovarium,Ovum-producing ovary,Reproductive system of female organism gonad,Reproductive system of female organism gonada,Ovary,ovary
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Anopheles funestus (Ovaries)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Anopheles funestus (Salivary gland)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Anopheles funestus Salivary gland were dissected from female adults that were 15 days old and had had 3 blood meals.
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 30
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- increased
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- increased
Signature 1
Source: Figure 5c
Description: Differential abundance of genera in Anopheles funestus tissues between Ovaries (left) and Salivary gland (right).
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Anopheles funestus (Salivary gland)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Klebsiella | ||
| Cedecea |
Revision editor(s): MyleeeA
Signature 2
Source: Figure 5c
Description: Differential abundance of genera in Anopheles funestus tissues between Ovaries (left) and Salivary gland (right).
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Anopheles funestus (Salivary gland)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Cutibacterium | ||
| Acinetobacter | ||
| Chryseobacterium | ||
| Aeromonas | ||
| Flectobacillus | ||
| Yersinia |
Revision editor(s): MyleeeA
Experiment 4
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Midgut , Saliva-secreting gland , Ovary Mesenteron,Midgut,midgut,Glandulae salivariae,Salivary gland,Saliva-secreting gland,saliva-secreting gland,Animal ovary,Female gonad,Female organism genitalia gonad,Female organism genitalia gonada,Female organism reproductive system gonad,Female organism reproductive system gonada,Female reproductive system gonad,Female reproductive system gonada,Genitalia of female organism gonad,Genitalia of female organism gonada,Gonad of female organism genitalia,Gonad of female organism reproductive system,Gonad of female reproductive system,Gonad of genitalia of female organism,Gonad of reproductive system of female organism,Gonada of female organism genitalia,Gonada of female organism reproductive system,Gonada of female reproductive system,Gonada of genitalia of female organism,Gonada of reproductive system of female organism,Ovaries,Ovarium,Ovum-producing ovary,Reproductive system of female organism gonad,Reproductive system of female organism gonada,Ovary,ovary
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Strain Strain,strain
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Anopheles funestus (FANG)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Anopheles funestus (FUMOZ)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- The FUMOZ strain originated from Southern Mozambique in 2000
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- Not specified
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- Not specified
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- increased
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- increased
Signature 1
Source: Figure 6a
Description: Differential abundance of genera in Anopheles funestus tissues between FANG (left) and FUMOZ (right).
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Anopheles funestus (FUMOZ)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | ||
| Pseudomonas | ||
| Cedecea |
Revision editor(s): MyleeeA
Signature 2
Source: Figure 6a
Description: Differential abundance of genera in Anopheles funestus tissues between FANG (left) and FUMOZ (right).
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Anopheles funestus (FUMOZ)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Agromyces | ||
| Azospirillum | ||
| Klebsiella | ||
| Rahnella 1Rahnella 1 |
Revision editor(s): MyleeeA
Experiment 5
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Anopheles funestus (FUMOZ-R)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- The FUMOZ-R strain was selected from FUMOZ by λ-cyhalothrin exposure. Both FUMOZ and FUMOZ-R display pyrethroid resistance as well as carbamate resistance
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- increased
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- increased
Signature 1
Source: Figure 6b
Description: Differential abundance of genera in Anopheles funestus tissues between FANG (left) and FUMOZ-R (right).
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Anopheles funestus (FUMOZ-R)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | ||
| Pseudomonas | ||
| Cedecea |
Revision editor(s): MyleeeA
Signature 2
Source: Figure 6b
Description: Differential abundance of genera in Anopheles funestus tissues between FANG (left) and FUMOZ-R (right).
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Anopheles funestus (FUMOZ-R)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Yersinia | ||
| Aeromonas | ||
| Klebsiella |
Revision editor(s): MyleeeA
Experiment 6
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Anopheles funestus (FUMOZ)
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- unchanged
Signature 1
Source: Figure 6c
Description: Differential abundance of genera in Anopheles funestus tissues between FUMOZ(left) and FUMOZ-R (right).
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Anopheles funestus (FUMOZ-R)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Klebsiella | ||
| Rahnella 1Rahnella 1 | ||
| Yersinia | ||
| Azospirillum | ||
| Cedecea | ||
| Agromyces |
Revision editor(s): MyleeeA
Signature 2
Source: Figure 6c
Description: Differential abundance of genera in Anopheles funestus tissues between FUMOZ(left) and FUMOZ-R (right).
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Anopheles funestus (FUMOZ-R)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Pseudomonas | ||
| Aeromonas | ||
| Yersinia | ||
| Klebsiella |
Revision editor(s): MyleeeA
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