Diverse vaginal microbiomes in reproductive-age women with vulvovaginal candidiasis

Study information

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/08/31

study design

case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

24265786

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1371/journal.pone.0079812

URI Uniform resource identifier for web resources.

Authors

Liu MB, Xu SR, He Y, Deng GH, Sheng HF, Huang XM, Ouyang CY, Zhou HW

Journal

PloS one

Year

2013

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most prevalent vaginal infectious diseases, and there are controversial reports regarding the diversity of the associated vaginal microbiota. We determined the vaginal microbial community in patients with VVC, bacterial vaginosis (BV), and mixed infection of VVC and BV using Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA tags. Our results revealed for the first time the highly variable patterns of the vaginal microbiome from VVC patients. In general, the alpha-diversity results of species richness and evenness showed the following order: normal control < VVC only < mixed BV and VVC infection < BV only. The beta-diversity comparison of community structures also showed an intermediate composition of VVC between the control and BV samples. A detailed comparison showed that, although the control and BV communities had typical patterns, the vaginal microbiota of VVC is complex. The mixed BV and VVC infection group showed a unique pattern, with a relatively higher abundance of Lactobacillus than the BV group and higher abundance of Prevotella, Gardnerella, and Atopobium than the normal control. In contrast, the VVC-only group could not be described by any single profile, ranging from a community structure similar to the normal control (predominated with Lactobacillus) to BV-like community structures (abundant with Gardnerella and Atopobium). Treatment of VVC resulted in inconsistent changes of the vaginal microbiota, with four BV/VVC samples recovering to a higher Lactobacillus level, whereas many VVC-only patients did not. These results will be useful for future studies on the role of vaginal microbiota in VVC and related infectious diseases.

Experiment 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/08/31

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks743

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks753, WikiWorks743, Claregrieve1

Subjects

Location of subjects: China

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled (if applicable): Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Vagina Distal oviductal region,Distal portion of oviduct,Vaginae,Vagina

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: vulvovaginitis Vulvo-vaginitis,Vulvovaginitis,vulvovaginitis

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Normal controls
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Women with BV
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: BV assessment with a gram-stain score => 7
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 30
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 10
Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any): 1 month

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V6

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Statistical test: LEfSe

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05
MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: No

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: increased

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/08/31

Curated date: 2020-02-06

Curator: Fatima Zohra

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks743, Claregrieve1

Source: Supplemental Figure 1

Description: Differential microbial abundance between normal controls and women with BV

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Women with BV

NCBI	Links
Actinomycetota
Actinomycetaceae
Actinomycetales
Atopobium
Bifidobacteriaceae
Bifidobacteriales
Bulleidia
Clostridia
Coriobacteriaceae
Coriobacteriales
Dialister
Erysipelotrichaceae
Erysipelotrichales
Erysipelotrichia
Eubacteriales
Fusobacteriota
Fusobacteriales
Gardnerella ⚠
Mobiluncus
Porphyromonadaceae
Porphyromonas
Pseudomonadota
Sneathia
Veillonellaceae
Leptotrichiaceae

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks743, Claregrieve1

Signature 2

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/08/31

Curated date: 2020-02-06

Curator: Fatima Zohra

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks743, Claregrieve1

Source: Supplemental Figure 1

Description: Differential microbial abundance between normal controls and women with BV

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Women with BV

NCBI	Links
Bacillota
Lactobacillaceae
Lactobacillus

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks743, Claregrieve1

Experiment 2

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/08/31

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks743

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks753, WikiWorks743, Claregrieve1

Subjects

Location of subjects: China

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled (if applicable): Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Vagina Distal oviductal region,Distal portion of oviduct,Vaginae,Vagina

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: vulvovaginitis Vulvo-vaginitis,Vulvovaginitis,vulvovaginitis

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Normal controls
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Women with BV and VVC
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Women infected with both BV and VVC
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 30
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 16
Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any): 1 month

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Statistical test: LEfSe

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05
MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: No