Effects of Commercial Apple Varieties on Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Output Using an In Vitro Colonic Model

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-13
study design
laboratory experiment
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
28538678
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
10.3390/nu9060533
URI
Authors
Koutsos A, Lima M, Conterno L, Gasperotti M, Bianchi M, Fava F, Vrhovsek U, Lovegrove JA, Tuohy KM
Journal
Nutrients
Year
2017
Keywords:
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing, apples, fiber, gut microbiota, in vitro batch culture fermentation, microbial metabolites, pectin, polyphenols, proanthocyanidins
Apples are a rich source of polyphenols and fiber. A major proportion of apple polyphenols escape absorption in the small intestine and together with non-digestible polysaccharides reach the colon, where they can serve as substrates for bacterial fermentation. Animal studies suggest a synergistic interaction between apple polyphenols and the soluble fiber pectin; however, the effects of whole apples on human gut microbiota are less extensively studied. Three commercial apple varieties-Renetta Canada, Golden Delicious and Pink Lady-were digested and fermented in vitro using a batch culture colonic model (pH 5.5-6.0, 37 °C) inoculated with feces from three healthy donors. Inulin and cellulose were used as a readily and a poorly fermentable plant fiber, respectively. Fecal microbiota composition was measured by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region) and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and polyphenol microbial metabolites were determined. The three apple varieties significantly changed bacterial diversity, increased Actinobacteria relative abundance, acetate, propionate and total SCFAs (p < 0.05). Renetta Canada and Golden Delicious significantly decreased Bacteroidetes abundance and increased Proteobacteria proportion and bifidobacteria population (p < 0.05). Renetta Canada also increased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, butyrate levels and polyphenol microbial metabolites (p < 0.05). Together, these data suggest that apples, particularly Renetta Canada, can induce substantial changes in microbiota composition and metabolic activity in vitro, which could be associated with potential benefits to human health. Human intervention studies are necessary to confirm these data and potential beneficial effects.

Experiment 1


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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-13

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, ChiomaBlessing

Subjects

Location of subjects
United Kingdom
Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
Homo sapiens
Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
Diet Dietary,Diets,Diet,diet
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Poorly fermentable fiber (cellulose)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Renatta canada apple - at 10 hr
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Healthy donors administered with Renetta Canada apple
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
3
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
3
Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
3 months

Lab analysis

Sequencing type
16S
16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
V3-V4
Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
relative abundances
Statistical test
ANOVA
Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
0.05
MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
Yes

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
decreased
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
decreased
Richness Number of species
decreased

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-13

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Lora Kasselman

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, ChiomaBlessing

Source: Table 2

Description: Changes in bacterial taxa relative abundance (%) at 10 h in donors administered with Renetta Canada apple compared to those administered with poorly fermentable fiber (cellulose)

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Renatta canada apple - at 10 hr

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Bilophila   
Eubacteriales   
Lachnospiraceae   
Oscillospira   
Parabacteroides   
Ruminococcus   
unclassified Eubacteriales   
unclassified Mogibacterium   

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, ChiomaBlessing

Signature 2

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-20

Curated date: 2024/02/20

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Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Source: Table 2

Description: Changes in bacterial taxa relative abundance (%) at 10 h in donors administered with Renetta Canada apple compared to those administered with poorly fermentable fiber (cellulose)

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Renatta canada apple - at 10 hr

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Bifidobacterium   

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Experiment 2


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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-13

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, ChiomaBlessing

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Golden delicious apple - at 10 hr
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Healthy donors administered with Golden delicious apple at 10 hr

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
decreased
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
decreased
Richness Number of species
decreased

Signature 1

EditHistoryDelete
Flag for review
Your review change was submitted
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-13

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Lora Kasselman

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, ChiomaBlessing

Source: Table 2

Description: Changes in bacterial taxa relative abundance (%) at 10 h in donors administered with Golden delicious apple compared to those administered with poorly fermentable fiber (cellulose)

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Golden delicious apple - at 10 hr

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Eubacteriales   
unclassified Mogibacterium   
Oscillospira   
Ruminococcus   
unclassified Eubacteriales   
Parabacteroides   
Bilophila   

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, ChiomaBlessing

Signature 2

EditHistoryDelete
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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-20

Curated date: 2024/02/20

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Source: Table 2

Description: Changes in bacterial taxa relative abundance (%) at 10 h in donors administered with Golden delicious apple compared to those administered with poorly fermentable fiber (cellulose)

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Golden delicious apple - at 10 hr

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Bifidobacterium   

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Experiment 3


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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-13

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, ChiomaBlessing

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Pink lady apple - at 10 hr
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Healthy donors administered with Pink lady apple at 10 hr

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
decreased
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
decreased
Richness Number of species
decreased

Signature 1

EditHistoryDelete
Flag for review
Your review change was submitted
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-13

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Lora Kasselman

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, ChiomaBlessing

Source: Table 2

Description: Changes in bacterial taxa relative abundance (%) at 10 h in donors administered with Pink lady apple compared to those administered with poorly fermentable fiber (cellulose)

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Pink lady apple - at 10 hr

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Eubacteriales   
unclassified Mogibacterium   
Lachnospiraceae   
Oscillospira   
Ruminococcus   
unclassified Eubacteriales   
Parabacteroides   
Bilophila   

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, ChiomaBlessing

Experiment 4


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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-20

Curated date: 2024/02/20

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Renetta Canada apple- at 24 hr
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Healthy donors administered with Renetta Canada apple at 24 hr

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
decreased
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
decreased
Richness Number of species
decreased

Signature 1

EditHistoryDelete
Flag for review
Your review change was submitted
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-20

Curated date: 2024/02/20

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Source: Table 2

Description: Changes in bacterial taxa relative abundance (%) at 24 h in donors administered with Renetta Canada apple compared to those administered with poorly fermentable fiber (cellulose)

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Renetta Canada apple- at 24 hr

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Butyricimonas   
Eubacteriales   

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Signature 2

EditHistoryDelete
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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-20

Curated date: 2024/02/20

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Source: Table 2

Description: Changes in bacterial taxa relative abundance (%) at 24 h in donors administered with Renetta Canada apple compared to those administered with poorly fermentable fiber (cellulose)

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Renetta Canada apple- at 24 hr

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Faecalibacterium   
Bifidobacterium   

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Experiment 5


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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-20

Curated date: 2024/02/20

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Golden delicious apple- at 24 hr
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Healthy donors administered with Golden delicious apple at 24 hr

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
decreased
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
decreased
Richness Number of species
decreased

Signature 1

EditHistoryDelete
Flag for review
Your review change was submitted
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-20

Curated date: 2024/02/20

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Source: Table 2

Description: Changes in bacterial taxa relative abundance (%) at 24 h in donors administered with Golden delicious apple compared to those administered with poorly fermentable fiber (cellulose)

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Golden delicious apple- at 24 hr

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Butyricimonas   
Eubacteriales   

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Signature 2

EditHistoryDelete
Flag for review
Your review change was submitted
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-20

Curated date: 2024/02/20

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Source: Table 2

Description: Changes in bacterial taxa relative abundance (%) at 24 h in donors administered with Golden delicious apple compared to those administered with poorly fermentable fiber (cellulose)

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Golden delicious apple- at 24 hr

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Bifidobacterium   

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Experiment 6


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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-20

Curated date: 2024/02/20

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Pink lady apple- at 24 hr
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Healthy donors administered with Pink lady apple at 24 hr

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
decreased
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
decreased
Richness Number of species
decreased

Signature 1

EditHistoryDelete
Flag for review
Your review change was submitted
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-20

Curated date: 2024/02/20

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Source: Table 2

Description: Changes in bacterial taxa relative abundance (%) at 24 h in donors administered with Pink lady apple compared to those administered with poorly fermentable fiber (cellulose)

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Pink lady apple- at 24 hr

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Eubacteriales   
Butyricimonas   

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Signature 2

EditHistoryDelete
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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-20

Curated date: 2024/02/20

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Source: Table 2

Description: Changes in bacterial taxa relative abundance (%) at 24 h in donors administered with Pink lady apple compared to those administered with poorly fermentable fiber (cellulose)

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Pink lady apple- at 24 hr

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Faecalibacterium   

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Experiment 7


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Curated date: 2024/02/20

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Inulin
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Renatta canada apple - at 10 hr
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Healthy donors administered with Renatta canada apple - at 10 hr

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
decreased
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
decreased
Richness Number of species
decreased

Signature 1

EditHistoryDelete
Flag for review
Your review change was submitted
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-26

Curated date: 2024/02/26

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Source: Table 2

Description: Changes in bacterial taxa relative abundance (%) at 10 h in donors administered with Renatta canada apple compared to those administered with inulin

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Renatta canada apple - at 10 hr

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Eubacteriales   
Oscillospira   
unclassified Mogibacterium   

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Signature 2

EditHistoryDelete
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Your review change was submitted
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-26

Curated date: 2024/02/26

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Source: Table 2

Description: Changes in bacterial taxa relative abundance (%) at 10 h in donors administered with Renatta canada apple compared to those administered with inulin

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Renatta canada apple - at 10 hr

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Bifidobacterium   

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Experiment 8


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Curated date: 2024/02/20

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Golden delicious apple - at 10 hr
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Healthy donors administered with Golden delicious apple - at 10 hr

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
decreased
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
decreased
Richness Number of species
decreased

Signature 1

EditHistoryDelete
Flag for review
Your review change was submitted
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-26

Curated date: 2024/02/26

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Source: Table 2

Description: Changes in bacterial taxa relative abundance (%) at 10 h in donors administered with Golden delicious apple compared to those administered with inulin

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Golden delicious apple - at 10 hr

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
unclassified Mogibacterium   
Oscillospira   
Eubacteriales   

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Signature 2

EditHistoryDelete
Flag for review
Your review change was submitted
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-26

Curated date: 2024/02/26

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Source: Table 2

Description: Changes in bacterial taxa relative abundance (%) at 10 h in donors administered with Golden delicious apple compared to those administered with inulin

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Golden delicious apple - at 10 hr

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Bifidobacterium   

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Experiment 9


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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-21

Curated date: 2024/02/20

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Golden delicious apple - at 24 hr
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Healthy donors administered with Golden delicious apple - at 24 hr

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
increased
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
decreased
Richness Number of species
decreased

Signature 1

EditHistoryDelete
Flag for review
Your review change was submitted
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-26

Curated date: 2024/02/26

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Source: Table 2

Description: Changes in bacterial taxa relative abundance (%) at 24 h in donors administered with Golden delicious apple compared to those administered with inulin

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Golden delicious apple - at 24 hr

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Faecalibacterium   

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Experiment 10


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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-21

Curated date: 2024/02/21

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Pink Lady apple - at 10 hr
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Healthy donors administered with Pink Lady apple at 10 hr

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
decreased
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
decreased
Richness Number of species
decreased

Signature 1

EditHistoryDelete
Flag for review
Your review change was submitted
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-26

Curated date: 2024/02/26

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Source: Table 2

Description: Changes in bacterial taxa relative abundance (%) at 10 h in donors administered with Pink lady apple compared to those administered with inulin

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Pink Lady apple - at 10 hr

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
unclassified Mogibacterium   
Oscillospira   
Eubacteriales   

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Experiment 11


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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-21

Curated date: 2024/02/21

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Pink Lady apple - at 24 hr
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Healthy donors administered with Pink Lady apple at 24 hr

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
increased
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
decreased
Richness Number of species
decreased

Signature 1

EditHistoryDelete
Flag for review
Your review change was submitted
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-26

Curated date: 2024/02/26

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Source: Table 2

Description: Changes in bacterial taxa relative abundance (%) at 24 h in donors administered with Pink lady apple compared to those administered with inulin

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Pink Lady apple - at 24 hr

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Faecalibacterium   

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Experiment 12


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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-26

Curated date: 2024/02/21

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Cellulose - at 10hr
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Donors administered with cellulose at 10hr

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
increased
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
increased
Richness Number of species
increased

Signature 1

EditHistoryDelete
Flag for review
Your review change was submitted
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-26

Curated date: 2024/02/26

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Source: Table 2

Description: Changes in bacterial taxa relative abundance (%) at 10 h in donors administered with cellulose compared to those administered with inulin

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Cellulose - at 10hr

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Bilophila   
Eubacteriales   
Lachnospiraceae   
Oscillospira   
Parabacteroides   
unclassified Eubacteriales   

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Experiment 13


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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-26

Curated date: 2024/02/21

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Cellulose - at 24hr
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Donors administered with cellulose at 24hr

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
increased
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
increased
Richness Number of species
increased

Signature 1

EditHistoryDelete
Flag for review
Your review change was submitted
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-26

Curated date: 2024/02/26

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Source: Table 2

Description: Changes in bacterial taxa relative abundance (%) at 24 h in donors administered with cellulose compared to those administered with inulin

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Cellulose - at 24hr

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Faecalibacterium   

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Signature 2

EditHistoryDelete
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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-26

Curated date: 2024/02/26

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Source: Table 2

Description: Changes in bacterial taxa relative abundance (%) at 24 h in donors administered with cellulose compared to those administered with inulin

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Cellulose - at 24hr

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Eubacteriales   

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

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