HIV Infection is associated with compositional and functional shifts in the rectal mucosal microbiota

Study information

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2023/01/1

study design

cross-sectional observational, not case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

24451087

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1186/2049-2618-1-26

URI

Authors

McHardy IH, Li X, Tong M, Ruegger P, Jacobs J, Borneman J, Anton P, Braun J

Journal

Microbiome

Year

2013

BACKGROUND: Regardless of infection route, the intestine is the primary site for HIV-1 infection establishment and results in significant mucosal CD4+ T lymphocyte depletion, induces an inflammatory state that propagates viral dissemination, facilitates microbial translocation, and fosters establishment of one of the largest HIV reservoirs. Here we test the prediction that HIV infection modifies the composition and function of the mucosal commensal microbiota. RESULTS: Rectal mucosal microbiota were collected from human subjects using a sponge-based sampling methodology. Samples were collected from 20 HIV-positive men not receiving combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART), 20 HIV-positive men on cART and 20 healthy, HIV-negative men. Microbial composition of samples was analyzed using barcoded 16S Illumina deep sequencing (85,900 reads per sample after processing). Microbial metagenomic information for the samples was imputed using the bioinformatic tools PICRUST and HUMAnN. Microbial composition and imputed function in HIV-positive individuals not receiving cART was significantly different from HIV-negative individuals. Genera including Roseburia, Coprococcus, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, Alistipes and Lachnospira were depleted in HIV-infected subjects not receiving cART, while Fusobacteria, Anaerococcus, Peptostreptococcus and Porphyromonas were significantly enriched. HIV-positive subjects receiving cART exhibited similar depletion and enrichment for these genera, but were of intermediate magnitude and did not achieve statistical significance. Imputed metagenomic functions, including amino acid metabolism, vitamin biosynthesis, and siderophore biosynthesis differed significantly between healthy controls and HIV-infected subjects not receiving cART. CONCLUSIONS: HIV infection was associated with rectal mucosal changes in microbiota composition and imputed function that cART failed to completely reverse. HIV infection was associated with depletion of some commensal species and enrichment of a few opportunistic pathogens. Many imputed metagenomic functions differed between samples from HIV-negative and HIV-positive subjects not receiving cART, possibly reflecting mucosal metabolic changes associated with HIV infection. Such functional pathways may represent novel interventional targets for HIV therapy if normalizing the microbial composition or functional activity of the microbiota proves therapeutically useful.

Experiment 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2023/01/1

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks

Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1, WikiWorks

Subjects

Location of subjects: United States of America

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.: Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Healthy controls

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: HIV infected cART negative

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: HIV infected patients not on combined anti-retroviral therapy

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 20

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 20

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Statistical test: Kruskall-Wallis

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.15

MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: Yes

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: decreased

Signature 1

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Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Fatima Zohra

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Source: Figure 3

Description: Phylogenetic differences between HIV subjects not on combination anti-retroviral therapy and healthy controls

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in HIV infected cART negative

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Anaerococcus
Fusobacteriota
Fusobacteriaceae
Fusobacteriia
Fusobacterium
Peptostreptococcaceae
Peptostreptococcus
Porphyromonas

Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1, WikiWorks

Signature 2

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Mark reviewed

Your review change was submitted

Needs review

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Fatima Zohra

Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1, WikiWorks

Source: Figure 3

Description: Phylogenetic differences between HIV subjects not on combination anti-retroviral therapy and healthy controls

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in HIV infected cART negative

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Alistipes
Clostridia
Coprococcus
Eubacteriales
Eubacterium
Bacillota
Lachnospira
Lachnospiraceae
Oscillospiraceae
Rikenellaceae
Roseburia
Ruminococcus

Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1, WikiWorks