Infant gut microbiota and food sensitization: associations in the first year of life

Study information

Needs review

study design

case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

25599982

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1111/cea.12487

URI

Authors

Azad MB, Konya T, Guttman DS, Field CJ, Sears MR, HayGlass KT, Mandhane PJ, Turvey SE, Subbarao P, Becker AB, Scott JA, Kozyrskyj AL

Journal

Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Year

2015

BACKGROUND: The gut microbiota is established during infancy and plays a fundamental role in shaping host immunity. Colonization patterns may influence the development of atopic disease, but existing evidence is limited and conflicting. OBJECTIVE: To explore associations of infant gut microbiota and food sensitization. METHODS: Food sensitization at 1 year was determined by skin prick testing in 166 infants from the population-based Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) study. Faecal samples were collected at 3 and 12 months, and microbiota was characterized by Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS: Twelve infants (7.2%) were sensitized to ≥ 1 common food allergen at 1 year. Enterobacteriaceae were overrepresented and Bacteroidaceae were underrepresented in the gut microbiota of food-sensitized infants at 3 months and 1 year, whereas lower microbiota richness was evident only at 3 months. Each quartile increase in richness at 3 months was associated with a 55% reduction in risk for food sensitization by 1 year (adjusted odds ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.23-0.87). Independently, each quartile increase in Enterobacteriaceae/Bacteroidaceae ratio was associated with a twofold increase in risk (2.02, 1.07-3.80). These associations were upheld in a sensitivity analysis among infants who were vaginally delivered, exclusively breastfed and unexposed to antibiotics. At 1 year, the Enterobacteriaceae/Bacteroidaceae ratio remained elevated among sensitized infants, who also tended to have decreased abundance of Ruminococcaceae. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Low gut microbiota richness and an elevated Enterobacteriaceae/Bacteroidaceae ratio in early infancy are associated with subsequent food sensitization, suggesting that early gut colonization may contribute to the development of atopic disease, including food allergy.

Experiment 1

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Curated date: 2021/01/10

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Subjects

Location of subjects: Canada

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled (if applicable): Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: food allergy Food Hypersensitivity,Food intolerance,food allergy

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: healthy control
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: infant with food sensitization
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: infant with food sensitization
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 154
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 12

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Statistical test: Kruskall-Wallis

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05
MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: Yes

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: unchanged
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: decreased
Richness Number of species: decreased

Signature 1

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Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Lucy Mellor

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Source: Table 3, text

Description: Relative abundance of dominant phyla and families in fecal microbiota of infants at 3 months according to food sensitization at 1 year

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in infant with food sensitization

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Pseudomonadota
Enterobacteriaceae

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Experiment 2

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: unchanged
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: unchanged
Richness Number of species: unchanged