Cigarette smoking and the oral microbiome in a large study of American adults

Study information

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/09/29

study design

case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

27015003

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1038/ismej.2016.37

URI

Authors

Wu J, Peters BA, Dominianni C, Zhang Y, Pei Z, Yang L, Ma Y, Purdue MP, Jacobs EJ, Gapstur SM, Li H, Alekseyenko AV, Hayes RB, Ahn J

Journal

The ISME journal

Year

2016

Oral microbiome dysbiosis is associated with oral disease and potentially with systemic diseases; however, the determinants of these microbial imbalances are largely unknown. In a study of 1204 US adults, we assessed the relationship of cigarette smoking with the oral microbiome. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on DNA from oral wash samples, sequences were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) using QIIME and metagenomic content was inferred using PICRUSt. Overall oral microbiome composition differed between current and non-current (former and never) smokers (P<0.001). Current smokers had lower relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria (4.6%) compared with never smokers (11.7%) (false discovery rate q=5.2 × 10(-7)), with no difference between former and never smokers; the depletion of Proteobacteria in current smokers was also observed at class, genus and OTU levels. Taxa not belonging to Proteobacteria were also associated with smoking: the genera Capnocytophaga, Peptostreptococcus and Leptotrichia were depleted, while Atopobium and Streptococcus were enriched, in current compared with never smokers. Functional analysis from inferred metagenomes showed that bacterial genera depleted by smoking were related to carbohydrate and energy metabolism, and to xenobiotic metabolism. Our findings demonstrate that smoking alters the oral microbiome, potentially leading to shifts in functional pathways with implications for smoking-related diseases.

Experiment 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/09/29

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Claregrieve1

Subjects

Location of subjects: United States of America

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.: Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Mouth Adult mouth,Cavital oralis,Cavitas oris,Cavum oris,Mouth cavity,Oral region,Oral vestibule,Regio oralis,Rima oris,Stoma,Stomatodaeum,Trophic apparatus,Vestibule of mouth,Vestibulum oris,Mouth,mouth

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Smoking behavior smoking,Smoking behavior,smoking behavior

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: former smoker

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: current smoker

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: participants who developed head and neck or pancreatic cancer at any point after collection of the oral wash samples

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 521

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 112

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V3-V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Roche454

Statistical Analysis

Statistical test: Kruskall-Wallis

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05

MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: Yes

Matched on Factors on which subjects have been matched on in a case-control study: age, sex

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: unchanged

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/09/29

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Victoria Goulbourne

Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1, WikiWorks

Source: Table 2

Description: Differential microbial abundance between current and former smokers

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in current smoker

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Actinomycetota
Coriobacteriia

Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1, WikiWorks

Signature 2

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/09/29

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Victoria Goulbourne

Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1, WikiWorks

Source: Table 2

Description: Differential microbial abundance between current and former smokers

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in current smoker

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Betaproteobacteria
Flavobacteriia
Gammaproteobacteria
Pseudomonadota

Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1, WikiWorks