Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Supplementation on Intestinal Inflammation Assessed by PET/MRI Scans and Gut Microbiota Composition in HIV-Infected Individuals

Study information

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/12/19

study design

prospective cohort

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

29874201

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1097/QAI.0000000000001693

URI

Authors

Arnbjerg CJ, Vestad B, Hov JR, Pedersen KK, Jespersen S, Johannesen HH, Holm K, Halvorsen B, Fallentin E, Hansen AE, Lange T, Kjær A, Trøseid M, Fischer BM, Nielsen SD

Journal

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Year

2018

BACKGROUND: Alterations in the gut microbiome have been associated with inflammation and increased cardiovascular risk in HIV-infected individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on intestinal inflammation, gut microbiota composition, and systemic markers of microbial translocation and inflammation in HIV-infected individuals. METHODS: This prospective, clinical interventional trial included 45 individuals [15 combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) naive and 30 cART treated] who ingested LGG twice daily at a dosage of 6 × 109 colony-forming units per capsule for a period of 8 weeks. Intestinal inflammation was assessed using F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (F-FDG PET/MRI) scans in 15 individuals. Gut microbiota composition (V3-V4 region of the 16s rRNA gene) and markers of microbial translocation and inflammation (lipopolysaccharide, sCD14, sCD163, sCD25, high-sensitive CRP, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) were analyzed at baseline and after intervention. RESULTS: At baseline, evidence of intestinal inflammation was found in 75% of the participants, with no significant differences between cART-naive and cART-treated individuals. After LGG supplementation, a decrease in intestinal inflammation was detected on PET/MRI (-0.3 mean difference in the combined activity grade score from 6 regions, P = 0.006), along with a reduction of Enterobacteriaceae (P = 0.018) and Erysipelotrichaceae (P = 0.037) in the gut microbiome, with reduced Enterobacteriaceae among individuals with decreased F-FDG uptake on PET/MRI (P = 0.048). No changes were observed for soluble markers of microbial translocation and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: A decrease in intestinal inflammation was found in HIV-infected individuals after ingestion of LGG along with a reduced abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, which may explain the local anti-inflammatory effect in the gut.

Experiment 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/12/19

Curated date: 2021/01/10

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Subjects

Location of subjects: Denmark

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.: Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: HIV infection [X]Human immunodeficiency virus disease,[X]Human immunodeficiency virus disease (disorder),[X]Unspecified human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] disease,[X]Unspecified human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] disease (disorder),HIV - Human immunodeficiency virus infection,HIV INFECT,HIV Infection,HIV infection,HIV Infections,HIV infectious disease,HTLV III INFECT,HTLV III Infections,HTLV III LAV INFECT,HTLV III LAV Infections,HTLV WIII INFECTIONS,HTLV WIII LAV INFECTIONS,HTLV-III Infection,HTLV-III Infections,HTLV-III-LAV Infection,HTLV-III-LAV Infections,HUMAN IMMUNO VIRUS DIS,human immunodeficiency virus,Human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] disease,HUMAN IMMUNOdeficiency VIRUS [HIV] INFECTION,Human immunodeficiency virus caused disease or disorder,Human immunodeficiency virus disease,Human immunodeficiency virus disease (disorder),Human immunodeficiency virus disease or disorder,Human immunodeficiency virus infection,Human immunodeficiency virus infection (disorder),Human immunodeficiency virus infection, NOS,Human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease,human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease,Infection, HIV,Infection, HTLV-III,Infection, HTLV-III-LAV,Infections, HIV,Infections, HTLV-III,Infections, HTLV-III-LAV,LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE III INFECTIONS HUMAN T,T LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE III INFECT HUMAN,T Lymphotropic Virus Type III Infections, Human,T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III Infections, Human,Unspecified human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] disease (disorder),hIV infection

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: baseline

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: combination antiretroviral therapy treated individuals after taking LGG probiotic for 8 weeks

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Persons with HIV

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 27

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 27

Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any): 2 months

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V3-V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Statistical test: Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon)

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05

MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: No

Alpha Diversity

Richness Number of species: unchanged

Signature 1

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Curator: Michael Lutete

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Source: Text, Supplementary Figure 3

Description: Effect of Probiotic LGG on Gut Microbiota Composition

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in combination antiretroviral therapy treated individuals after taking LGG probiotic for 8 weeks

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Ruminiclostridium
Lachnospiraceae

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Signature 2

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Source: Text, Supplementary Figure 3

Description: Effect of Probiotic LGG on Gut Microbiota Composition

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in combination antiretroviral therapy treated individuals after taking LGG probiotic for 8 weeks

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Enterobacteriaceae
Erysipelotrichaceae

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Experiment 3

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: individuals with no change in uptake

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: individuals with decreased F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (F-FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 7

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 5

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Richness Number of species: unchanged

Signature 1

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Source: Text, Figure 2

Description: Changes in relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae after LGG supplementation in responders and nonresponders

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in individuals with decreased F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (F-FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

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Enterobacteriaceae

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