Effect of a Nutritional Intervention on the Intestinal Microbiota of Vertically HIV-Infected Children: The Pediabiota Study

Study information

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/12/28

study design

randomized controlled trial

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

32708743

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.3390/nu12072112

URI

Authors

Sainz T, Gosalbes MJ, Talavera-Rodríguez A, Jimenez-Hernandez N, Prieto L, Escosa L, Guillén S, Ramos JT, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, Moya A, Navarro ML, Mellado MJ, Serrano-Villar S

Journal

Nutrients

Year

2020

Keywords:

HIV, children and adolescents, microbiota, vertical transmission

AIMS: The gut microbiota exerts a critical influence in the immune system. The gut microbiota of human virus immunodeficiency (HIV)-infected children remains barely explored. We aimed to characterize the fecal microbiota in vertically HIV-infected children and to explore the effects of its modulation with a symbiotic nutritional intervention. METHODS: a pilot, double blind, randomized placebo-controlled study including HIV-infected children who were randomized to receive a nutritional supplementation including prebiotics and probiotics or placebo for four weeks. HIV-uninfected siblings were recruited as controls. The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced in fecal samples. RESULTS: 22 HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and with viral load (VL) <50/mL completed the follow-up period. Mean age was 11.4 ± 3.4 years, eight (32%) were male. Their microbiota showed reduced alpha diversity compared to controls and distinct beta diversity at the genus level (Adonis p = 0.042). Patients showed decreased abundance of commensals Faecalibacterium and an increase in Prevotella, Akkermansia and Escherichia. The nutritional intervention shaped the microbiota towards the control group, without a clear directionality. CONCLUSIONS: Vertical HIV infection is characterized by changes in gut microbiota structure, distinct at the compositional level from the findings reported in adults. A short nutritional intervention attenuated bacterial dysbiosis, without clear changes at the community level. SUMMARY: In a group of 24 vertically HIV-infected children, in comparison to 11 uninfected controls, intestinal dysbiosis was observed despite effective ART. Although not fully effective to restore the microbiota, a short intervention with pre/probiotics attenuated bacterial dysbiosis.

Experiment 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/12/28

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks

Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1, WikiWorks, Victoria

Subjects

Location of subjects: Spain

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.: Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: HIV-uninfected siblings or children born to HIV-infected mothers

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Vertically HIV-infected children

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Vertically HIV-infected children

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 10

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 23

Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any): 3 months

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V3-V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).: relative abundances

Statistical test: LEfSe

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05

MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: No

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: unchanged

Richness Number of species: unchanged

Signature 1

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Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Michael Lutete

Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1, WikiWorks

Source: Text (results), Figure 4

Description: Comparison of basal samples from vertically HIV-infected children vs. healthy controls

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Vertically HIV-infected children

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Akkermansia
Coprobacillus
Escherichia
Fusobacterium
Prevotella

Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1, WikiWorks

Signature 2

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/12/28

Curated date: 2022/12/28

Curator: Claregrieve1

Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1, WikiWorks

Source: Text (results), Figure 4

Description: Comparison of basal samples from vertically HIV-infected children vs. healthy controls

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Vertically HIV-infected children

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Anaerotruncus
Anaerostipes
Dehalobacterium
Lactococcus
Dorea
Coprococcus
Lachnospira
Faecalibacterium
Bifidobacterium

Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1, WikiWorks