Effect of a Nutritional Intervention on the Intestinal Microbiota of Vertically HIV-Infected Children: The Pediabiota Study

Study information

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/12/28

study design

randomized controlled trial

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

32708743

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.3390/nu12072112

URI

Authors

Sainz T, Gosalbes MJ, Talavera-Rodríguez A, Jimenez-Hernandez N, Prieto L, Escosa L, Guillén S, Ramos JT, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, Moya A, Navarro ML, Mellado MJ, Serrano-Villar S

Journal

Nutrients

Year

2020

Keywords:

HIV, children and adolescents, microbiota, vertical transmission

AIMS: The gut microbiota exerts a critical influence in the immune system. The gut microbiota of human virus immunodeficiency (HIV)-infected children remains barely explored. We aimed to characterize the fecal microbiota in vertically HIV-infected children and to explore the effects of its modulation with a symbiotic nutritional intervention. METHODS: a pilot, double blind, randomized placebo-controlled study including HIV-infected children who were randomized to receive a nutritional supplementation including prebiotics and probiotics or placebo for four weeks. HIV-uninfected siblings were recruited as controls. The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced in fecal samples. RESULTS: 22 HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and with viral load (VL) <50/mL completed the follow-up period. Mean age was 11.4 ± 3.4 years, eight (32%) were male. Their microbiota showed reduced alpha diversity compared to controls and distinct beta diversity at the genus level (Adonis p = 0.042). Patients showed decreased abundance of commensals Faecalibacterium and an increase in Prevotella, Akkermansia and Escherichia. The nutritional intervention shaped the microbiota towards the control group, without a clear directionality. CONCLUSIONS: Vertical HIV infection is characterized by changes in gut microbiota structure, distinct at the compositional level from the findings reported in adults. A short nutritional intervention attenuated bacterial dysbiosis, without clear changes at the community level. SUMMARY: In a group of 24 vertically HIV-infected children, in comparison to 11 uninfected controls, intestinal dysbiosis was observed despite effective ART. Although not fully effective to restore the microbiota, a short intervention with pre/probiotics attenuated bacterial dysbiosis.

Experiment 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/12/28

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks

Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1, WikiWorks, Victoria

Subjects

Location of subjects: Spain

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.: Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: HIV infection [X]Human immunodeficiency virus disease,[X]Human immunodeficiency virus disease (disorder),[X]Unspecified human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] disease,[X]Unspecified human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] disease (disorder),HIV - Human immunodeficiency virus infection,HIV INFECT,HIV Infection,HIV infection,HIV Infections,HIV infectious disease,HTLV III INFECT,HTLV III Infections,HTLV III LAV INFECT,HTLV III LAV Infections,HTLV WIII INFECTIONS,HTLV WIII LAV INFECTIONS,HTLV-III Infection,HTLV-III Infections,HTLV-III-LAV Infection,HTLV-III-LAV Infections,HUMAN IMMUNO VIRUS DIS,human immunodeficiency virus,Human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] disease,HUMAN IMMUNOdeficiency VIRUS [HIV] INFECTION,Human immunodeficiency virus caused disease or disorder,Human immunodeficiency virus disease,Human immunodeficiency virus disease (disorder),Human immunodeficiency virus disease or disorder,Human immunodeficiency virus infection,Human immunodeficiency virus infection (disorder),Human immunodeficiency virus infection, NOS,Human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease,human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease,Infection, HIV,Infection, HTLV-III,Infection, HTLV-III-LAV,Infections, HIV,Infections, HTLV-III,Infections, HTLV-III-LAV,LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE III INFECTIONS HUMAN T,T LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE III INFECT HUMAN,T Lymphotropic Virus Type III Infections, Human,T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III Infections, Human,Unspecified human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] disease (disorder),hIV infection

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: HIV-uninfected siblings or children born to HIV-infected mothers

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Vertically HIV-infected children

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Vertically HIV-infected children

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 10

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 23

Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any): 3 months

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V3-V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).: relative abundances

Statistical test: LEfSe

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05

MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: No

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: unchanged

Richness Number of species: unchanged

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/12/28

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Michael Lutete

Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1, WikiWorks

Source: Text (results), Figure 4

Description: Comparison of basal samples from vertically HIV-infected children vs. healthy controls

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Vertically HIV-infected children

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Akkermansia
Coprobacillus
Escherichia
Fusobacterium
Prevotella

Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1, WikiWorks

Signature 2

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/12/28

Curated date: 2022/12/28

Curator: Claregrieve1

Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1

Source: Text (results), Figure 4

Description: Comparison of basal samples from vertically HIV-infected children vs. healthy controls

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Vertically HIV-infected children

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Anaerotruncus
Anaerostipes
Dehalobacterium
Lactococcus
Dorea
Coprococcus
Lachnospira
Faecalibacterium
Bifidobacterium

Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1