Effects of amoxicillin treatment on the salivary microbiota in children with acute otitis media

Study information

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study design

prospective cohort

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

23565884

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1111/1469-0691.12213

URI Uniform resource identifier for web resources.

Authors

Lazarevic V, Manzano S, Gaïa N, Girard M, Whiteson K, Hibbs J, François P, Gervaix A, Schrenzel J

Journal

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Year

2013

Amoxicillin is a first-line antibiotic treatment for acute otitis media in children and one of the most commonly used antibiotics for human bacterial infections. We investigated changes in salivary bacterial communities among children treated with amoxicillin for acute otitis media (n = 18), using a culture-independent approach based on pyrosequencing of the V3 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The control group consisted of children with acute otitis media who were not given antibiotics (n = 15). One species-level phylotype assigned to the genus Streptococcus was identified across all (n = 99) saliva samples. Two additional species-level phylotypes from the genera Gemella and Granulicatella were shared by all (n = 45) samples of control subjects. Amoxicillin treatment resulted in reduced species richness and diversity, and a significant shift in the relative abundance of 35 taxa at different ranks from phylum to species-level phylotype. At the phylum level, prevalence of TM7 and Actinobacteria decreased at the end of treatment, whereas Proteobacteria had a higher relative abundance post-treatment. Multivariate analysis showed that samples from the same control subject taken over time intervals tended to cluster together. Among antibiotic-treated subjects, samples taken before and at the end of amoxicillin treatment formed two relatively well-separated clusters both of which greatly overlapped with samples taken about 3 weeks post-treatment. Our results point to a substantial but incomplete recovery of the salivary bacterial community from the antibiotic about 3 weeks after the end of treatment.

Experiment 1

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Curated date: 2021/07/19

Curator: Gina

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks753, Chloe, Gina, Lwaldron

Subjects

Location of subjects: Switzerland

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled (if applicable): Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Saliva Sailva normalis,Saliva atomaris,Saliva molecularis,Salivary gland secretion,Saliva

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: otitis media with effusion Glue ear,Mucoid otitis media,Mucoid otitis media NOS (disorder),OME,Otitis Media with Effusion,Otitis media with effusion,otitis media with effusion,Otitis media with effusion - mucoid,Otitis media, transudative,Secretory Otitis Media,secretory otitis Media,serous otitis Media,Transudative otitis media

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: not treated with amoxicillin (end of treatment)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: treated with amoxicillin (end of treatment)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: The amoxicillin group was patients/children aged from 12 to 72 months with clinically diagnosed AOM whose care providers prescribed amoxicillin treatment. Excluded criteria contained pharyngitis.
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 15
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 18
Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any): 6 months

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V1-V3

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Roche454

Statistical Analysis

Statistical test: Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon)

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05

Matched on Factors on which subjects have been matched on in a case-control study: antimicrobial agent, sex

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: increased
Richness Number of species: increased

Experiment 2

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incomplete

Curated date: 2021/07/20

Curator: Chloe

Revision editor(s): Chloe

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Pre-amoxicillin treatment
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: End-of-treatment