Drinking alcohol is associated with variation in the human oral microbiome in a large study of American adults
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Study information
-
Quality control
- Retracted paper
- Contamination issues suspected
- Batch effect issues suspected
- Uncontrolled confounding suspected
- Results are suspect (various reasons)
- Tags applied
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI Uniform resource identifier for web resources.
Authors
Fan X, Peters BA, Jacobs EJ, Gapstur SM, Purdue MP, Freedman ND, Alekseyenko AV, Wu J, Yang L, Pei Z, Hayes RB, Ahn J
Journal
Microbiome
Year
2018
BACKGROUND: Dysbiosis of the oral microbiome can lead to local oral disease and potentially to cancers of the head, neck, and digestive tract. However, little is known regarding exogenous factors contributing to such microbial imbalance. RESULTS: We examined the impact of alcohol consumption on the oral microbiome in a cross-sectional study of 1044 US adults. Bacterial 16S rRNA genes from oral wash samples were amplified, sequenced, and assigned to bacterial taxa. We tested the association of alcohol drinking level (non-drinker, moderate drinker, or heavy drinker) and type (liquor, beer, or wine) with overall microbial composition and individual taxon abundance. The diversity of oral microbiota and overall bacterial profiles differed between heavy drinkers and non-drinkers (α-diversity richness p = 0.0059 and β-diversity unweighted UniFrac p = 0.0036), and abundance of commensal order Lactobacillales tends to be decreased with higher alcohol consumption (fold changes = 0.89 and 0.94 for heavy and moderate drinkers, p trend = 0.005 [q = 0.064]). Additionally, certain genera were enriched in subjects with higher alcohol consumption, including Actinomyces, Leptotrichia, Cardiobacterium, and Neisseria; some of these genera contain oral pathogens, while Neisseria can synthesize the human carcinogen acetaldehyde from ethanol. Wine drinkers may differ from non-drinkers in microbial diversity and profiles (α-diversity richness p = 0.048 and β-diversity unweighted UniFrac p = 0.059) after controlling for drinking amount, while liquor and beer drinkers did not. All significant differences between drinkers and non-drinkers remained after exclusion of current smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Our results, from a large human study of alcohol consumption and the oral microbiome, indicate that alcohol consumption, and heavy drinking in particular, may influence the oral microbiome composition. These findings may have implications for better understanding the potential role that oral bacteria play in alcohol-related diseases.
Statistical test
PERMANOVA
Statistical test
PERMANOVA
Experiment 1
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- United States of America
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled (if applicable)
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Mouth Adult mouth,Cavital oralis,Cavitas oris,Cavum oris,Mouth cavity,Oral region,Oral vestibule,Regio oralis,Rima oris,Stoma,Stomatodaeum,Trophic apparatus,Vestibule of mouth,Vestibulum oris,Mouth
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- alcohol drinking , alcohol abuse alcohol consumption,alcohol drinking,abuse, alcohol,addiction, alcohol,alcohol abuse,alcohol addiction,alcohol dependence,alcohol use disorder,alcoholic intoxication, chronic,alcoholism,chronic alcoholic intoxication,dependence, alcohol,ethanol abuse,intoxication, chronic alcoholic
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Non-drinkers
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Moderate drinkers
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- > 0 but ≤ 1 drinks per day, on average, for women, and > 0 but ≤ 2 drinks per day, on average, for men
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 270
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 614
- Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
- NA
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- V3-V4
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- relative abundances
- Confounders controlled for Confounding factors that have been accounted for by stratification or model adjustment
- age, alcohol drinking, body mass index, education level, race, sex, smoking status, "study" is not in the list (abnormal glucose tolerance, acetaldehyde, acute graft vs. host disease, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, adenoma, age, AIDS, alcohol consumption measurement, alcohol drinking, ...) of allowed values for the "Confounders controlled for" property.study
Alpha Diversity
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- increased
- Richness Number of species
- increased
Experiment 2
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- United States of America
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled (if applicable)
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Mouth Adult mouth,Cavital oralis,Cavitas oris,Cavum oris,Mouth cavity,Oral region,Oral vestibule,Regio oralis,Rima oris,Stoma,Stomatodaeum,Trophic apparatus,Vestibule of mouth,Vestibulum oris,Mouth
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- alcohol drinking alcohol consumption,alcohol drinking
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Non-drinkers
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Heavy drinkers
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Women and men who had greater than one or two drinks per day, respectively, were considered heavy drinkers
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 270
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 160
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- relative abundances
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- Yes
- Confounders controlled for Confounding factors that have been accounted for by stratification or model adjustment
- age, sex, body mass index, race, education level, smoking status
Alpha Diversity
- Inverse Simpson Modification of Simpsons index D as 1/D to obtain high values in datasets of high diversity and vice versa
- increased
- Richness Number of species
- increased
Experiment 3
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