The Influence of Age and Sex on Ocular Surface Microbiota in Healthy Adults

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Needs review
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI
Authors
Wen X, Miao L, Deng Y, Bible PW, Hu X, Zou Y, Liu Y, Guo S, Liang J, Chen T, Peng GH, Chen W, Liang L, Wei L
Journal
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
Year
2017
PURPOSE: A growing body of evidence suggests that the microbiome of the ocular surface confers potent immunoregulatory functions and has a key role in the physiologic maintenance of healthy eyes and in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases. Although the microbiome is known to be affected by age and sex, the influence of these factors on ocular surface microbiota in healthy adults remains largely unknown. METHODS: Ocular surface microbiome samples were obtained from the inferior bulbar conjunctiva of 48 young and 42 old adults at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center. Using metagenomic shotgun sequencing, we characterized the sex- and age-differences in conjunctival microbiome profiles of healthy adults. RESULTS: Male and female groups differed only in the β diversity of bacterial communities, while there were significant differences in bacterial composition, metabolic functions, and the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes between young and old adult groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that age and sex collectively shape the conjunctival microbiome, and may change the immune homeostasis of the ocular surface through alterations of its commensal microbiome.

Experiment 1


Needs review

Curated date: 2023/09/10

Curator: Mary Bearkland

Revision editor(s): Mary Bearkland

Subjects

Location of subjects
China
Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled (if applicable)
Homo sapiens
Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
Bulbar conjunctiva Ocular conjunctiva,Bulbar conjunctiva
Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
age at assessment age at assessment
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Young
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Old
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Aged 47-84 years old
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
48
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
42
Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
no history of antibiotics in the past 6 months

Lab analysis

Sequencing type
WMS
Not specified
Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Statistical test
LEfSe
Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
0.05
LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool
3

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
increased

Signature 1

Needs review

Curated date: 2023/09/10

Curator: Mary Bearkland

Revision editor(s): Mary Bearkland

Source: Figure 6

Description: FIGURE 6. The bacterial species with significant differences in relative abundance between old and young groups. The LefSe program is used to find the bacterial species that specifically distinguish the old (green) from young (red) conjunctival microbiomes (LDA score > 3).

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Old

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Escherichia coli
Micrococcus luteus
Staphylococcus haemolyticus
Finegoldia magna
Anaerococcus prevotii
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Rothia mucilaginosa
Prevotella melaninogenica
Rothia dentocariosa
wolbachia endosymbiontwolbachia endosymbiont
Corynebacterium urealyticum
Streptococcus gordonii
Streptococcus sanguinis
Corynebacterium aurimucosum
Streptococcus oralis
Leptotrichia buccalis
Corynebacterium jeikeium
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae
Corynebacterium resistens
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
Neisseria lactamica
Staphylococcus warneri
Streptococcus parasanguinis
Deinococcus radiodurans
Streptococcus sp.
Wolbachia sp.
Rubrivivax gelatinosus
Cutibacterium avidum

Revision editor(s): Mary Bearkland

Signature 2

Needs review

Curated date: 2023/09/10

Curator: Mary Bearkland

Revision editor(s): Mary Bearkland

Source: Figure 6

Description: FIGURE 6. The bacterial species with significant differences in relative abundance between old and young groups. The LefSe program is used to find the bacterial species that specifically distinguish the old (green) from young (red) conjunctival microbiomes (LDA score > 3).

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Old

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Mycoplasmopsis pulmonis
Lactobacillus crispatus
Chlorobium phaeobacteroides
Listeria monocytogenes
Enterococcus faecalis
Brachyspira murdochii
Candidatus Karelsulcia
Mycoplasmopsis bovis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Brucella anthropi
Mesomycoplasma hyorhinis
Cutibacterium acnes

Revision editor(s): Mary Bearkland

Experiment 2


Needs review

Curated date: 2023/09/24

Curator: Mary Bearkland

Revision editor(s): Mary Bearkland

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
biological sex biological sex
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Male
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Female
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Biological sex=female
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
42
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
48

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
unchanged

Signature 1

Needs review

Curated date: 2023/09/24

Curator: Mary Bearkland

Revision editor(s): Mary Bearkland

Source: Figure 4a

Description: FIGURE 4. Sex-differences in conjunctival microbiome of healthy adults. Male and female groups,... while no significant difference is observed in Shannon diversity index (A). (Note- no taxon were found to be decreased in females compared to males)

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Female

NCBI Quality ControlLinks

Revision editor(s): Mary Bearkland

Signature 2

Needs review

Curated date: 2023/09/24

Curator: Mary Bearkland

Revision editor(s): Mary Bearkland

Source: Figure 4a

Description: FIGURE 4. Sex-differences in conjunctival microbiome of healthy adults. Male and female groups,... while no significant difference is observed in Shannon diversity index (A). (Note- no taxon were found to be increased in females compared to males)

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Female

NCBI Quality ControlLinks

Revision editor(s): Mary Bearkland