Effect of Parkinson's disease and related medications on the composition of the fecal bacterial microbiota

Study information

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

study design

case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

31815177

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1038/s41531-019-0100-x

URI

Authors

Weis S, Schwiertz A, Unger MM, Becker A, Faßbender K, Ratering S, Kohl M, Schnell S, Schäfer KH, Egert M

Journal

NPJ Parkinson's disease

Year

2019

Keywords:

Constipation, Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. PD patients suffer from gastrointestinal dysfunctions and alterations of the autonomous nervous system, especially its part in the gut wall, i.e., the enteric nervous system (ENS). Such alterations and functional gastrointestinal deficits often occur years before the classical clinical symptoms of PD appear. Until now, only little is known about PD-associated changes in gut microbiota composition and their potential implication in PD development. In order to increase knowledge in this field, fecal samples of 34 PD patients and 25 healthy, age-matched control persons were investigated. Here, the V4 and V5 hypervariable region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes was PCR-amplified and sequenced using an Ion Torrent PGM platform. Within the PD group, we observed a relative decrease in bacterial taxa which are linked to health-promoting, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective or other beneficial effects on the epithelial barrier, such as Faecalibacterium and Fusicatenibacter. Both taxa were lowered in PD patients with elevated levels of the fecal inflammation marker calprotectin. In addition, we observed an increase in shares of the Clostridiales family XI and their affiliated members in these samples. Finally, we found that the relative abundances of the bacterial genera Peptoniphilus, Finegoldia, Faecalibacterium Fusicatenibacter, Anaerococcus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, and Ruminococcus were significantly influenced by medication with L-dopa and entacapone, respectively. Our data confirm previously reported effects of COMT inhibitors on the fecal microbiota of PD patients and suggest a possible effect of L-dopa medication on the relative abundance of several bacterial genera.

Experiment 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/16

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Subjects

Location of subjects

Germany

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.

Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology

Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology

Parkinson's disease IDIOPATHIC PARKINSON DIS,Idiopathic Parkinson Disease,Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease,IDIOPATHIC PARKINSONS DIS,Idiopathic PD,LEWY BODY PARKINSON DIS,Lewy Body Parkinson Disease,Lewy Body Parkinson's Disease,Paralysis agitans,paralysis agitans,PARKINSON DIS,PARKINSON DIS IDIOPATHIC,Parkinson disease,Parkinson Disease, Idiopathic,Parkinson syndrome,Parkinson's,Parkinson's disease,Parkinson's disease (disorder),Parkinson's disease NOS,Parkinson's disease NOS (disorder),Parkinson's Disease, Idiopathic,Parkinson's Disease, Lewy Body,Parkinson's syndrome,Parkinsonian disorder,Parkinsonism, Primary,Parkinsons,PARKINSONS DIS,PARKINSONS DIS IDIOPATHIC,PARKINSONS DIS LEWY BODY,Parkinsons disease,Primary Parkinsonism,parkinson's disease

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Healthy Controls

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Parkinson's Disease Patients

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group

25

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group

34

Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)

Not Applicable.

Lab analysis

Sequencing type

16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene

V4-V5

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance

Ion Torrent

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).

relative abundances

Statistical test

Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon)

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)

0.05

MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?

Yes

Matched on Factors on which subjects have been matched on in a case-control study

age

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness

unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness

decreased

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness

unchanged

Richness Number of species

decreased

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/16

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Source: Table 2 and Text

Description: 16S rRNA analysis showing the differences in the relative abundance of microbiota composition between Parkinson's Disease Patients and Healthy Controls.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Parkinson's Disease Patients

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Peptoniphilus
Peptostreptococcaceae

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Signature 2

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Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Source: Table 2 and Text

Description: 16S rRNA analysis showing the differences in the relative abundance of microbiota composition between Parkinson's Disease Patients and Healthy controls.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Parkinson's Disease Patients

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Faecalibacterium
Fusicatenibacter

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Experiment 2

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/16

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Male Parkinson's disease Patients

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Female Parkinson's disease Patients

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Female Patients with Parkinson's disease

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group

23

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group

11

Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)

Not Applicable

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness

unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness

decreased

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness

unchanged

Richness Number of species

decreased

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/16

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Source: Table 2 and Text

Description: 16S rRNA analysis showing the differences in the relative abundance of microbiota composition between Male Parkinson's disease Patients and Female Parkinson's disease Patients.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Female Parkinson's disease Patients

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Peptoniphilus
Peptostreptococcaceae

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Signature 2

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/16

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Source: Table 2 and Text

Description: 16S rRNA analysis showing the differences in the relative abundance of microbiota composition between Male Parkinson's Disease Patients and Female Parkinson's Disease Patients.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Female Parkinson's disease Patients

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Faecalibacterium

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Experiment 3

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/16

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Calprotectin Negative Controls

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Parkinson's Disease Patients with elevated Calprotectin levels

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Parkinson's Disease Patients with elevated levels of Fecal Calprotectin

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group

22

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group

14

Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)

Not Applicable.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness

unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness

decreased

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness

unchanged

Richness Number of species

decreased

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/16

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Source: Table 2 and Text

Description: 16S rRNA analysis showing the differences in the relative abundance of microbiota composition between Parkinson's Disease Patients with elevated levels of fecal Calprotectin and Calprotectin Negative Healthy Controls.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Parkinson's Disease Patients with elevated Calprotectin levels

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Finegoldia
Peptoniphilus
Peptostreptococcaceae

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Signature 2

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Curated date: 2024/03/16

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Source: Table 2 and Text

Description: 16S rRNA analysis showing the differences in the relative abundance of microbiota composition between Parkinson's Disease Patients with elevated levels of fecal Calprotectin and Calprotectin Negative Healthy Controls.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Parkinson's Disease Patients with elevated Calprotectin levels

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Faecalibacterium
Fusicatenibacter

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Experiment 4

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/16

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Calprotectin positive Parkinson's Disease Patients

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Parkinson's Disease Patients with normal Calprotectin levels

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Patients with Parkinson's disease that had normal Calprotectin levels..

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group

14

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group

Not specified

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness

unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness

decreased

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness

unchanged

Richness Number of species

decreased

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/16

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Source: Table 2 and Text

Description: 16S rRNA analysis showing the differences in the relative abundance of microbiota composition between Parkinson's Disease Patients with normal Calprotectin levels and Calprotectin positive Parkinson's Disease Patients'

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Parkinson's Disease Patients with normal Calprotectin levels

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Faecalibacterium

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Signature 2

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/16

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Source: Table 2 and Text

Description: 16S rRNA analysis showing the differences in the relative abundance of microbiota composition between Parkinson's Disease Patients with normal Calprotectin levels and Calprotectin positive Parkinson's Disease Patients.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Parkinson's Disease Patients with normal Calprotectin levels

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Streptococcaceae
Streptococcus

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Experiment 5

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/17

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Male Healthy Controls

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Female Healthy Controls

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Healthy Control persons who were of the female gender

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group

11

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group

14

Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)

Not Aplicable

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness

unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness

decreased

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness

unchanged

Richness Number of species

decreased

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/17

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Source: Table 2 and Text

Description: 16S rRNA analysis showing the differences in the relative abundance of microbiota composition between Male Healthy Controls and Female Healthy Controls.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Female Healthy Controls

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Bifidobacteriaceae
Bifidobacterium

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Experiment 6

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/17

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Female Parkinson's Disease Patients

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Male Parkinson's Disease Patients

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Parkinson's Disease Patients of the Male Gender

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group

23

Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)

Not Applicable

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness

unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness

decreased

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness

unchanged

Richness Number of species

decreased

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/17

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Source: Table 2 and Text

Description: 16S rRNA analysis showing the differences in the relative abundance of microbiota composition between Male Parkinson's disease Patients and Female Parkinson's disease Patients.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Male Parkinson's Disease Patients

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Bifidobacteriaceae

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Experiment 7

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/17

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Healthy Controls

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Normal Calprotectin levels Parkinson's Disease Patients

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Parkinson's disease Patients with Normal Calprotectin levels.

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group

25

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group

14

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness

unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness

decreased

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness

unchanged

Richness Number of species

decreased

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/17

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Source: Table 2 and Text

Description: 16S rRNA analysis showing the differences in the relative abundance of microbiota composition between Parkinson's disease Patients with normal Calprotectin levels and Healthy Controls.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Normal Calprotectin levels Parkinson's Disease Patients

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Peptoniphilus

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Experiment 8

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/17

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Parkinson's Disease Patients treated with L-dopa

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Parkinson's disease Patients who were treated with L-dopa.

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group

24

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness

unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness

decreased

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness

unchanged

Richness Number of species

decreased

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/17

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Source: Table 2 and Text

Description: 16S rRNA analysis showing the differences in the relative abundance of microbiota composition between Parkinson's disease Patients treated with L-dopa and Healthy Controls.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Parkinson's Disease Patients treated with L-dopa

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Enterococcaceae
Finegoldia
Peptoniphilus
Peptostreptococcaceae

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Signature 2

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/17

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Source: Table 2 and Text

Description: 16S rRNA analysis showing the differences in the relative abundance of microbiota composition between Parkinson's disease Patients treated with L-dopa and Healthy Controls.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Parkinson's Disease Patients treated with L-dopa

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Faecalibacterium
Ruminococcus gauvreauii

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Experiment 9

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/17

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Parkinson's Disease Patients not treated with L-dopa

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Parkinson's disease Patients who were not treated with L-dopa.

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group

10

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness

unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness

decreased

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness

unchanged

Richness Number of species

decreased

Experiment 10

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/17

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Parkinson's disease Patients treated with L-dopa

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group

24

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness

unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness

decreased

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness

unchanged

Richness Number of species

decreased

Experiment 11

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/17

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Healthy Controls

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Parkinson's disease Patients treated with entacapone

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Parkinson's disease patients who were treated with entacapone.

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group

25

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group

11

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness

unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness

decreased

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness

unchanged

Richness Number of species

decreased

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/17

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Source: Table 2 and Text

Description: 16S rRNA analysis showing the differences in the relative abundance of microbiota composition between Parkinson's disease Patients treated with entacapone and Healthy Controls.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Parkinson's disease Patients treated with entacapone

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Anaerococcus
Bifidobacteriaceae
Bifidobacterium
Enterococcaceae
Enterococcus
Peptoniphilus
Peptostreptococcaceae
Sellimonas
[Eubacterium] brachy

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Signature 2

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/17

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Source: Table 2 and Text

Description: 16S rRNA analysis showing the differences in the relative abundance of microbiota composition between Parkinson's disease Patients treated with entacapone and Healthy Controls.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Parkinson's disease Patients treated with entacapone

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Faecalibacterium
Ruminococcus gauvreauii

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Experiment 12

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/17

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Parkinson's disease Patients with HR Phenotype

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Parkinson's disease Patients with a Hypokinetic-rigid phenotype.

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group

15

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness

unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness

decreased

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness

unchanged

Richness Number of species

decreased

Signature 1

EditHistoryDelete

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/17

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Source: Table 2 and Text

Description: 16S rRNA analysis showing the differences in the relative abundance of microbiota composition between Parkinson's disease Patients with Hypokinetic-rigid [HR] Phenotype and Healthy Controls.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Parkinson's disease Patients with HR Phenotype

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Peptoniphilus

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Signature 2

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/17

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Source: Table 2 and Text

Description: 16S rRNA analysis showing the differences in the relative abundance of microbiota composition between Parkinson's disease Patients with Hypokinetic-rigid [HR] Phenotype and Healthy Controls.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Parkinson's disease Patients with HR Phenotype

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Faecalibacterium

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Experiment 13

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/17

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Parkinson's disease Patients with Tremor dominant Phenotype

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Parkinson's disease Patients with Tremor dominant [T] phenotype.

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group

6

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness

unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness

decreased

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness

unchanged

Richness Number of species

decreased

Signature 1

EditHistoryDelete

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/17

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Source: Table 2 and Text

Description: 16S rRNA analysis showing the differences in the relative abundance of microbiota composition between Parkinson's disease Patients with Tremor dominant [T] Phenotype and Healthy Controls.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Parkinson's disease Patients with Tremor dominant Phenotype

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Oscillospiraceae

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Experiment 14

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/17

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Parkinson's disease Patients with HY Stage of 1 to 2.5

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Parkinson's disease Patients with Hoehn-Yahr [HY] Stage of 1 to 2.5.

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group

18

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness

unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness

decreased

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness

unchanged

Richness Number of species

decreased

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/17

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Source: Table 2 and Text

Description: 16S rRNA analysis showing the differences in the relative abundance of microbiota composition between Parkinson's disease Patients with Hoehn-Yahr [HY] Stage of 1 to 2.5 and Healthy Controls.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Parkinson's disease Patients with HY Stage of 1 to 2.5

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Faecalibacterium
Peptoniphilus

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Experiment 15

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/17

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Parkinson's disease Patients with HY Stage of 3 to 4

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Parkinson's disease Patients with Hoehn-Yahr [HY] Stage of 3 to 4.

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group

16

Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)

Not Applicable.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness

unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness

decreased

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness

unchanged

Richness Number of species

decreased

Signature 1

EditHistoryDelete

Flag for review

Your review change was submitted

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/17

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander, Peace Sandy

Source: Table 2 and Text

Description: 16S rRNA analysis showing the differences in the relative abundance of microbiota composition between Parkinson's disease Patients with Hoehn-Yahr [HY] Stage 3 to 4 and Healthy Controls.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Parkinson's disease Patients with HY Stage of 3 to 4

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Peptoniphilus
Faecalibacterium

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander, Peace Sandy

Experiment 16

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Peace Sandy on 2024-4-9

Curated date: 2024/03/17

Curator: FaithAlexander

Revision editor(s): FaithAlexander

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Parkinson's disease Patients with HY Stage of 1 to 2.5

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group

18

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness

unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness

decreased

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness

unchanged

Richness Number of species

decreased