Acupuncture inhibits neuroinflammation and gut microbial dysbiosis in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-5-6
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
Authors
Jang JH, Yeom MJ, Ahn S, Oh JY, Ji S, Kim TH, Park HJ
Journal
Brain, behavior, and immunity
Year
2020
Keywords:
Acupuncture, Gut microbial dysbiosis, Microbiome-gut-brain axis, Neuroinflammation, Parkinson’s disease
Growing evidences show that gut microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the gut-brain axis can be promising target for the development of the therapeutic strategies for PD. Acupuncture has been used to improve brain functions and inflammation in neurological disorders such as PD, and to recover the gastrointestinal dysfunctions in various gastrointestinal disorders. Thus, we investigated whether acupuncture could improve Parkinsonism and gut microbial dysbiosis induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. First, we observed that acupuncture treatment at acupoints GB34 and ST36 could improve motor functions and comorbid anxiety in PD mice. Next, we found that acupuncture increased the levels of dopaminergic fibers and neurons in the striatum and the substantia nigra, respectively. Acupuncture also restored the overexpression of microglia and astrocyte as well as conversion of Bax and Bcl-2 expression in both the striatum and the substantia nigra, indicating that inflammatory responses and apoptosis were blocked by acupuncture. Additionally, via 16S rRNA sequence analysis, we observed that the relative abundance of 18 genera were changed in acupuncture-treated mice compared to the PD mice. Of them, Butyricimonas, Holdemania, Frisingicoccus, Gracilibacter, Phocea, and Aestuariispira showed significant correlations with anxiety as well as motor functions. Furthermore, the predicted functional analyses showed that acupuncture restored the physiology functions such as glutathione metabolism, methane metabolism, and PD pathway. In conclusion, we suggest that the effects of acupuncture on the enhanced motor function and the protection of the dopaminergic neurons may be associated with the regulation of the gut microbial dysbiosis and thus the inhibition of the neuroinflammation in the PD mice.

Experiment 1


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-4-8

Curated date: 2024/03/16

Curator: Mariposa

Revision editor(s): Mariposa

Subjects

Location of subjects
South Korea
Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
Mus musculus
Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
Parkinson's disease IDIOPATHIC PARKINSON DIS,Idiopathic Parkinson Disease,Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease,IDIOPATHIC PARKINSONS DIS,Idiopathic PD,LEWY BODY PARKINSON DIS,Lewy Body Parkinson Disease,Lewy Body Parkinson's Disease,Paralysis agitans,paralysis agitans,PARKINSON DIS,PARKINSON DIS IDIOPATHIC,Parkinson disease,Parkinson Disease, Idiopathic,Parkinson syndrome,Parkinson's,Parkinson's disease,Parkinson's disease (disorder),Parkinson's disease NOS,Parkinson's disease NOS (disorder),Parkinson's Disease, Idiopathic,Parkinson's Disease, Lewy Body,Parkinson's syndrome,Parkinsonian disorder,Parkinsonism, Primary,Parkinsons,PARKINSONS DIS,PARKINSONS DIS IDIOPATHIC,PARKINSONS DIS LEWY BODY,Parkinsons disease,Primary Parkinsonism,parkinson's disease
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Control Group
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
MPTP Group
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Mice were treated with MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine).
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
6
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
10

Lab analysis

Sequencing type
16S
16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
V3-V4
Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
relative abundances
Statistical test
LEfSe
Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
0.05
MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
No
LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool
2.5

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
unchanged
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
decreased
Richness Number of species
unchanged

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-5-6

Curated date: 2024/03/16

Curator: Mariposa

Revision editor(s): Mariposa

Source: Figure 4G

Description: Differences in bacterial taxa abundance in the MPTP Group (Mice treated with MPTP) VS Control group.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in MPTP Group

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Betaproteobacteria
Burkholderiales
Faecalibaculum
Faecalibaculum rodentium
Harryflintia
Harryflintia acetispora
Parabacteroides
Parasutterella
Parasutterella excrementihominis
Ruminococcus champanellensis
Sutterellaceae
Tannerellaceae

Revision editor(s): Mariposa

Signature 2

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-5-6

Curated date: 2024/03/16

Curator: Mariposa

Revision editor(s): Mariposa

Source: Figure 4G and 4F

Description: Differences in bacterial taxa abundance in the MPTP group (mice treated with MPTP) vs. the control group.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in MPTP Group

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Amedibacillus dolichus
Amedibacterium

Revision editor(s): Mariposa

Experiment 3


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-5-6

Curated date: 2024/03/21

Curator: Mariposa

Revision editor(s): Mariposa

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
MPTP + Acu Group
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Mice treated with MPTP received acupuncture.
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
9

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
unchanged
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
increased
Richness Number of species
increased

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-5-6

Curated date: 2024/03/23

Curator: Mariposa

Revision editor(s): Mariposa

Source: Figure 4G and 4F

Description: Differences in bacterial taxa abundance in the MPTP + Acu (Mice treated with MPTP that received Acupuncture) vs. Control group

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in MPTP + Acu Group

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Alistipes
Clostridium thermosuccinogenes
Lacrimispora xylanisolvens
Lachnoclostridium
Lacrimispora aerotolerans
Pseudoclostridium
Rikenellaceae
Roseburia faecis
Vallitalea
Vallitalea pronyensis
Vallitaleaceae

Revision editor(s): Mariposa

Signature 2

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-5-6

Curated date: 2024/03/23

Curator: Mariposa

Revision editor(s): Mariposa

Source: Figure 4G and 4F

Description: Differences in bacterial taxa abundance in the MPTP + Acu (Mice treated with MPTP that received Acupuncture) vs. Control group

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in MPTP + Acu Group

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Amedibacillus
Amedibacillus dolichus

Revision editor(s): Mariposa

Experiment 4


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-4-8

Curated date: 2024/03/21

Curator: Mariposa

Revision editor(s): Mariposa, ChiomaBlessing

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
Treatment Treatment,treatment
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
MPTP + Acu Group
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
MPTP + Non Acu Group
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Mice treated with MPTP did not receive acupuncture
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
9
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
5

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
unchanged
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
decreased
Richness Number of species
decreased

Experiment 5


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-5-6

Curated date: 2024/04/09

Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, ChiomaBlessing

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
Parkinson's disease IDIOPATHIC PARKINSON DIS,Idiopathic Parkinson Disease,Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease,IDIOPATHIC PARKINSONS DIS,Idiopathic PD,LEWY BODY PARKINSON DIS,Lewy Body Parkinson Disease,Lewy Body Parkinson's Disease,Paralysis agitans,paralysis agitans,PARKINSON DIS,PARKINSON DIS IDIOPATHIC,Parkinson disease,Parkinson Disease, Idiopathic,Parkinson syndrome,Parkinson's,Parkinson's disease,Parkinson's disease (disorder),Parkinson's disease NOS,Parkinson's disease NOS (disorder),Parkinson's Disease, Idiopathic,Parkinson's Disease, Lewy Body,Parkinson's syndrome,Parkinsonian disorder,Parkinsonism, Primary,Parkinsons,PARKINSONS DIS,PARKINSONS DIS IDIOPATHIC,PARKINSONS DIS LEWY BODY,Parkinsons disease,Primary Parkinsonism,parkinson's disease
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Control group
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
MPTP group
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Mice that were treated with MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine).
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
6
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
10
Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
N/A

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Statistical test
Kruskall-Wallis
MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
Yes
LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool
Not specified

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
unchanged
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
decreased
Richness Number of species
unchanged

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-5-6

Curated date: 2024/04/09

Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, Mariposa, ChiomaBlessing

Source: Fig 5 and Supplementary Table S1

Description: Bacterial genera with significant differences in the gut microbiota of MPTP group VS Control group.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in MPTP group

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Aestuariispira
Bifidobacterium
Desulfovibrio
Faecalibaculum
Frisingicoccus
Harryflintia
Holdemania
Marvinbryantia
Paraprevotella
Parasutterella
Phascolarctobacterium
Rhodospirillum
Ruminococcus
Sporobacter
Thomasclavelia
Turicibacter

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, Mariposa, ChiomaBlessing

Signature 2

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-5-6

Curated date: 2024/04/09

Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, Mariposa, ChiomaBlessing

Source: Figure 5 and Supplementary Table S1

Description: Bacterial genera with significant differences in the gut microbiota of MPTP group VS Control group.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in MPTP group

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Acutalibacter
Anaerotruncus
Butyricimonas
Desulfitobacterium
Dorea
Flintibacter
Gracilibacter
Merdimmobilis
Oscillibacter
Saccharofermentans

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, Mariposa, ChiomaBlessing

Experiment 6


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-5-6

Curated date: 2024/04/09

Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, ChiomaBlessing

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
MPTP+Acu group
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Mice treated with MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) that received Acupuncture
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
9

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
unchanged
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
increased
Richness Number of species
increased

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-5-6

Curated date: 2024/04/09

Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, ChiomaBlessing

Source: Figure 5 and Supplementary Table S1

Description: Bacterial genera with significant differences in the gut microbiota of MPTP + Acu group VS Control group.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in MPTP+Acu group

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Bacteroides
Pseudoclostridium
Vallitalea
Vampirovibrio

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, ChiomaBlessing

Signature 2

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-5-6

Curated date: 2024/04/09

Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, ChiomaBlessing

Source: Figure 5 and Supplementary Table S1

Description: Bacterial genera with significant differences in the gut microbiota of MPTP + Acu group VS Control group.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in MPTP+Acu group

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Amedibacterium

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, ChiomaBlessing

Experiment 7


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-5-6

Curated date: 2024/04/09

Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, ChiomaBlessing

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
MPTP group
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
10

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
unchanged
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
increased
Richness Number of species
increased

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-5-6

Curated date: 2024/04/09

Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, Mariposa, ChiomaBlessing

Source: Figure 5 and Supplementary Table S1

Description: Bacterial genera with significant differences in the gut microbiota of MPTP + Acu group VS MPTP group.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in MPTP+Acu group

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Acetatifactor
Acutalibacter
Alistipes
Alkalibacter
Anaeroplasma
Anaerosporobacter
Butyricimonas
Christensenella
Desulfitobacterium
Flavonifractor
Flintibacter
Gracilibacter
Kineothrix
Lachnoclostridium
Merdimmobilis
Oscillibacter
Pseudoflavonifractor

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, Mariposa, ChiomaBlessing

Signature 2

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-5-6

Curated date: 2024/04/09

Curator: MyleeeA

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, ChiomaBlessing

Source: Figure 5 and Supplementary Table S1

Description: Bacterial genera with significant differences in the gut microbiota of MPTP + Acu group VS MPTP group.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in MPTP+Acu group

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Aestuariispira
Bacteroides
Bifidobacterium
Desulfovibrio
Frisingicoccus
Holdemania
Marvinbryantia
Parabacteroides
Parasutterella
Phascolarctobacterium
Rhodospirillum
Sporobacter
Thomasclavelia
Turicibacter

Revision editor(s): MyleeeA, ChiomaBlessing