Category:Signatures

0–9

• The intestinal microflora in allergic Estonian and Swedish 2-year-old children/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• The intestinal microflora in allergic Estonian and Swedish 2-year-old children/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• The intestinal microflora in allergic Estonian and Swedish 2-year-old children/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• The intestinal microflora in allergic Estonian and Swedish 2-year-old children/Experiment 2/Signature 2
• The salivary microbiota as a diagnostic indicator of oral cancer: a descriptive, non-randomized study of cancer-free and oral squamous cell carcinoma subjects/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• The salivary microbiota as a diagnostic indicator of oral cancer: a descriptive, non-randomized study of cancer-free and oral squamous cell carcinoma subjects/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Lower Bifidobacteria counts in both duodenal mucosa-associated and fecal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome patients/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Quantitative differences in intestinal Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in obese Indian children/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Altered profiles of intestinal microbiota and organic acids may be the origin of symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Altered profiles of intestinal microbiota and organic acids may be the origin of symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Gut microbiota in human adults with type 2 diabetes differs from non-diabetic adults/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Gut microbiota in human adults with type 2 diabetes differs from non-diabetic adults/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Pyrosequencing study of fecal microflora of autistic and control children/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Pyrosequencing study of fecal microflora of autistic and control children/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Toward defining the autoimmune microbiome for type 1 diabetes/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Toward defining the autoimmune microbiome for type 1 diabetes/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Toward defining the autoimmune microbiome for type 1 diabetes/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• Toward defining the autoimmune microbiome for type 1 diabetes/Experiment 2/Signature 2
• Toward defining the autoimmune microbiome for type 1 diabetes/Experiment 3/Signature 1
• Toward defining the autoimmune microbiome for type 1 diabetes/Experiment 3/Signature 2
• Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa/Experiment 3/Signature 1
• Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa/Experiment 3/Signature 2
• Effect of mother's weight on infant's microbiota acquisition, composition, and activity during early infancy: a prospective follow-up study initiated in early pregnancy/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Effect of mother's weight on infant's microbiota acquisition, composition, and activity during early infancy: a prospective follow-up study initiated in early pregnancy/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• Effect of mother's weight on infant's microbiota acquisition, composition, and activity during early infancy: a prospective follow-up study initiated in early pregnancy/Experiment 3/Signature 1
• Effect of mother's weight on infant's microbiota acquisition, composition, and activity during early infancy: a prospective follow-up study initiated in early pregnancy/Experiment 4/Signature 1
• Disordered microbial communities in the upper respiratory tract of cigarette smokers/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Disordered microbial communities in the upper respiratory tract of cigarette smokers/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Disordered microbial communities in the upper respiratory tract of cigarette smokers/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• Disordered microbial communities in the upper respiratory tract of cigarette smokers/Experiment 2/Signature 2
• Disordered microbial communities in the upper respiratory tract of cigarette smokers/Experiment 3/Signature 1
• Disordered microbial communities in the upper respiratory tract of cigarette smokers/Experiment 3/Signature 2
• Disordered microbial communities in the upper respiratory tract of cigarette smokers/Experiment 4/Signature 1
• Disordered microbial communities in the upper respiratory tract of cigarette smokers/Experiment 4/Signature 2
• Molecular analysis of the luminal- and mucosal-associated intestinal microbiota in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Gastrointestinal microbiome signatures of pediatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Gastrointestinal microbiome signatures of pediatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Global and deep molecular analysis of microbiota signatures in fecal samples from patients with irritable bowel syndrome/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Global and deep molecular analysis of microbiota signatures in fecal samples from patients with irritable bowel syndrome/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Global and deep molecular analysis of microbiota signatures in fecal samples from patients with irritable bowel syndrome/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• Global and deep molecular analysis of microbiota signatures in fecal samples from patients with irritable bowel syndrome/Experiment 2/Signature 2
• Global and deep molecular analysis of microbiota signatures in fecal samples from patients with irritable bowel syndrome/Experiment 3/Signature 1
• Global and deep molecular analysis of microbiota signatures in fecal samples from patients with irritable bowel syndrome/Experiment 3/Signature 2
• Global and deep molecular analysis of microbiota signatures in fecal samples from patients with irritable bowel syndrome/Experiment 4/Signature 1
• Global and deep molecular analysis of microbiota signatures in fecal samples from patients with irritable bowel syndrome/Experiment 4/Signature 2
• Obesity-associated gut microbiota is enriched in Lactobacillus reuteri and depleted in Bifidobacterium animalis and Methanobrevibacter smithii/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Obesity-associated gut microbiota is enriched in Lactobacillus reuteri and depleted in Bifidobacterium animalis and Methanobrevibacter smithii/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Structural segregation of gut microbiota between colorectal cancer patients and healthy volunteers/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Structural segregation of gut microbiota between colorectal cancer patients and healthy volunteers/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes/Experiment 2/Signature 2
• Dynamic gut microbiome across life history of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae in Kenya/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Dynamic gut microbiome across life history of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae in Kenya/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Dynamic gut microbiome across life history of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae in Kenya/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• Dynamic gut microbiome across life history of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae in Kenya/Experiment 2/Signature 2
• Genomic analysis identifies association of Fusobacterium with colorectal carcinoma/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Genomic analysis identifies association of Fusobacterium with colorectal carcinoma/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Genomic analysis identifies association of Fusobacterium with colorectal carcinoma/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• Genomic analysis identifies association of Fusobacterium with colorectal carcinoma/Experiment 2/Signature 2
• Low diversity of the gut microbiota in infants with atopic eczema/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Low diversity of the gut microbiota in infants with atopic eczema/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Low diversity of the gut microbiota in infants with atopic eczema/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• Alterations in the gut microbiome of children with severe ulcerative colitis/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Distinct gut microbiota in southeastern African and northern European infants/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Distinct gut microbiota in southeastern African and northern European infants/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Functional dysbiosis within the gut microbiota of patients with constipated-irritable bowel syndrome/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Functional dysbiosis within the gut microbiota of patients with constipated-irritable bowel syndrome/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Functional dysbiosis within the gut microbiota of patients with constipated-irritable bowel syndrome/Experiment 1/Signature 3
• Alterations in composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Alterations in composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Alterations in composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• Increase in fecal primary bile acids and dysbiosis in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Increase in fecal primary bile acids and dysbiosis in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• The microbiota of the gut in preschool children with normal and excessive body weight/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• The microbiota of the gut in preschool children with normal and excessive body weight/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Periodontal disease and the oral microbiota in new-onset rheumatoid arthritis/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Periodontal disease and the oral microbiota in new-onset rheumatoid arthritis/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Periodontal disease and the oral microbiota in new-onset rheumatoid arthritis/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• Periodontal disease and the oral microbiota in new-onset rheumatoid arthritis/Experiment 2/Signature 2
• Periodontal disease and the oral microbiota in new-onset rheumatoid arthritis/Experiment 3/Signature 1
• Periodontal disease and the oral microbiota in new-onset rheumatoid arthritis/Experiment 3/Signature 2
• Increased rectal microbial richness is associated with the presence of colorectal adenomas in humans/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• IBS-associated phylogenetic unbalances of the intestinal microbiota are not reverted by probiotic supplementation/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• IBS-associated phylogenetic unbalances of the intestinal microbiota are not reverted by probiotic supplementation/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• IBS-associated phylogenetic unbalances of the intestinal microbiota are not reverted by probiotic supplementation/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• IBS-associated phylogenetic unbalances of the intestinal microbiota are not reverted by probiotic supplementation/Experiment 2/Signature 2
• IBS-associated phylogenetic unbalances of the intestinal microbiota are not reverted by probiotic supplementation/Experiment 3/Signature 1
• IBS-associated phylogenetic unbalances of the intestinal microbiota are not reverted by probiotic supplementation/Experiment 3/Signature 2
• IBS-associated phylogenetic unbalances of the intestinal microbiota are not reverted by probiotic supplementation/Experiment 4/Signature 1
• Transfer of intestinal microbiota from lean donors increases insulin sensitivity in individuals with metabolic syndrome/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Transfer of intestinal microbiota from lean donors increases insulin sensitivity in individuals with metabolic syndrome/Experiment 3/Signature 1
• Transfer of intestinal microbiota from lean donors increases insulin sensitivity in individuals with metabolic syndrome/Experiment 4/Signature 1
• Human intestinal lumen and mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Human intestinal lumen and mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Human intestinal lumen and mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• Human intestinal lumen and mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer/Experiment 2/Signature 2
• Human intestinal lumen and mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer/Experiment 3/Signature 1
• Human intestinal lumen and mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer/Experiment 4/Signature 1
• Subgingival biodiversity in subjects with uncontrolled type-2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Subgingival biodiversity in subjects with uncontrolled type-2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• High-throughput sequencing reveals the incomplete, short-term recovery of infant gut microbiota following parenteral antibiotic treatment with ampicillin and gentamicin/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• High-throughput sequencing reveals the incomplete, short-term recovery of infant gut microbiota following parenteral antibiotic treatment with ampicillin and gentamicin/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• High-throughput sequencing reveals the incomplete, short-term recovery of infant gut microbiota following parenteral antibiotic treatment with ampicillin and gentamicin/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• High-throughput sequencing reveals the incomplete, short-term recovery of infant gut microbiota following parenteral antibiotic treatment with ampicillin and gentamicin/Experiment 3/Signature 1
• High-throughput sequencing reveals the incomplete, short-term recovery of infant gut microbiota following parenteral antibiotic treatment with ampicillin and gentamicin/Experiment 3/Signature 2
• Alterations in intestinal microbiota of elderly Irish subjects post-antibiotic therapy/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Alterations in intestinal microbiota of elderly Irish subjects post-antibiotic therapy/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Alterations in intestinal microbiota of elderly Irish subjects post-antibiotic therapy/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• Alterations in intestinal microbiota of elderly Irish subjects post-antibiotic therapy/Experiment 2/Signature 2
• Alterations in intestinal microbiota of elderly Irish subjects post-antibiotic therapy/Experiment 3/Signature 1
• Alterations in intestinal microbiota of elderly Irish subjects post-antibiotic therapy/Experiment 3/Signature 2
• Alterations in intestinal microbiota of elderly Irish subjects post-antibiotic therapy/Experiment 4/Signature 1
• Metagenomic sequencing of the human gut microbiome before and after bariatric surgery in obese patients with type 2 diabetes: correlation with inflammatory and metabolic parameters/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Metagenomic sequencing of the human gut microbiome before and after bariatric surgery in obese patients with type 2 diabetes: correlation with inflammatory and metabolic parameters/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Gut microbiome composition is linked to whole grain-induced immunological improvements/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Gut microbiome composition is linked to whole grain-induced immunological improvements/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Gut microbiome composition is linked to whole grain-induced immunological improvements/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• Gut microbiome composition is linked to whole grain-induced immunological improvements/Experiment 2/Signature 2
• Gut microbiome composition is linked to whole grain-induced immunological improvements/Experiment 3/Signature 1
• Gut microbiome composition is linked to whole grain-induced immunological improvements/Experiment 3/Signature 2
• Gut microbiota composition is correlated to grid floor induced stress and behavior in the BALB/c mouse/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• The lung microbiome in moderate and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• The lung microbiome in moderate and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• The lung microbiome in moderate and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• Microbiome dynamics of human epidermis following skin barrier disruption/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Microbiome dynamics of human epidermis following skin barrier disruption/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Modulation of potential respiratory pathogens by pH1N1 viral infection/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Modulation of potential respiratory pathogens by pH1N1 viral infection/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Modulation of potential respiratory pathogens by pH1N1 viral infection/Experiment 1/Signature 3
• Modulation of potential respiratory pathogens by pH1N1 viral infection/Experiment 1/Signature 4
• Modulation of potential respiratory pathogens by pH1N1 viral infection/Experiment 1/Signature 5
• Modulation of potential respiratory pathogens by pH1N1 viral infection/Experiment 1/Signature 6
• Fecal microbiota composition differs between children with β-cell autoimmunity and those without/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Fecal microbiota composition differs between children with β-cell autoimmunity and those without/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Fusobacterium is associated with colorectal adenomas/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Microarray analysis reveals marked intestinal microbiota aberrancy in infants having eczema compared to healthy children in at-risk for atopic disease/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Microarray analysis reveals marked intestinal microbiota aberrancy in infants having eczema compared to healthy children in at-risk for atopic disease/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Microarray analysis reveals marked intestinal microbiota aberrancy in infants having eczema compared to healthy children in at-risk for atopic disease/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• Microarray analysis reveals marked intestinal microbiota aberrancy in infants having eczema compared to healthy children in at-risk for atopic disease/Experiment 2/Signature 2
• Microarray analysis reveals marked intestinal microbiota aberrancy in infants having eczema compared to healthy children in at-risk for atopic disease/Experiment 3/Signature 1
• Microarray analysis reveals marked intestinal microbiota aberrancy in infants having eczema compared to healthy children in at-risk for atopic disease/Experiment 3/Signature 2
• Microarray analysis reveals marked intestinal microbiota aberrancy in infants having eczema compared to healthy children in at-risk for atopic disease/Experiment 4/Signature 1
• Microarray analysis reveals marked intestinal microbiota aberrancy in infants having eczema compared to healthy children in at-risk for atopic disease/Experiment 4/Signature 2
• Distinct distal gut microbiome diversity and composition in healthy children from Bangladesh and the United States/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Distinct distal gut microbiome diversity and composition in healthy children from Bangladesh and the United States/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Gut microbiota in children with type 1 diabetes differs from that in healthy children: a case-control study/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Gut microbiota in children with type 1 diabetes differs from that in healthy children: a case-control study/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Fecal microbiome and volatile organic compound metabolome in obese humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Fecal microbiome and volatile organic compound metabolome in obese humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Correlation between body mass index and gut concentrations of Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium animalis, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Escherichia coli/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Correlation between body mass index and gut concentrations of Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium animalis, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Escherichia coli/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• Correlation between body mass index and gut concentrations of Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium animalis, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Escherichia coli/Experiment 3/Signature 1
• Correlation between body mass index and gut concentrations of Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium animalis, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Escherichia coli/Experiment 3/Signature 2
• Correlation between body mass index and gut concentrations of Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium animalis, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Escherichia coli/Experiment 4/Signature 1
• Correlation between body mass index and gut concentrations of Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium animalis, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Escherichia coli/Experiment 5/Signature 1
• Correlation between body mass index and gut concentrations of Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium animalis, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Escherichia coli/Experiment 6/Signature 1
• Comparison of the respiratory microbiome in healthy nonsmokers and smokers/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Comparison of the respiratory microbiome in healthy nonsmokers and smokers/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Comparison of the respiratory microbiome in healthy nonsmokers and smokers/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• Comparison of the respiratory microbiome in healthy nonsmokers and smokers/Experiment 2/Signature 2
• Comparison of the respiratory microbiome in healthy nonsmokers and smokers/Experiment 3/Signature 1
• Comparison of the respiratory microbiome in healthy nonsmokers and smokers/Experiment 3/Signature 2
• Comparison of the respiratory microbiome in healthy nonsmokers and smokers/Experiment 4/Signature 1
• Comparison of the respiratory microbiome in healthy nonsmokers and smokers/Experiment 4/Signature 2
• Human intestinal microbiota composition is associated with local and systemic inflammation in obesity/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Human intestinal microbiota composition is associated with local and systemic inflammation in obesity/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Human intestinal microbiota composition is associated with local and systemic inflammation in obesity/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• Human intestinal microbiota composition is associated with local and systemic inflammation in obesity/Experiment 2/Signature 2
• Human intestinal microbiota composition is associated with local and systemic inflammation in obesity/Experiment 3/Signature 1
• Human intestinal microbiota composition is associated with local and systemic inflammation in obesity/Experiment 3/Signature 2
• Human intestinal microbiota composition is associated with local and systemic inflammation in obesity/Experiment 4/Signature 1
• Human intestinal microbiota composition is associated with local and systemic inflammation in obesity/Experiment 4/Signature 2
• Decreased dietary fiber intake and structural alteration of gut microbiota in patients with advanced colorectal adenoma/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Decreased dietary fiber intake and structural alteration of gut microbiota in patients with advanced colorectal adenoma/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Effects of amoxicillin treatment on the salivary microbiota in children with acute otitis media/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Effects of amoxicillin treatment on the salivary microbiota in children with acute otitis media/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• Investigation of the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on subgingival plaque microbiota by high-throughput 16S rDNA pyrosequencing/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Investigation of the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on subgingival plaque microbiota by high-throughput 16S rDNA pyrosequencing/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Investigation of the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on subgingival plaque microbiota by high-throughput 16S rDNA pyrosequencing/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• Investigation of the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on subgingival plaque microbiota by high-throughput 16S rDNA pyrosequencing/Experiment 2/Signature 2
• Investigation of the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on subgingival plaque microbiota by high-throughput 16S rDNA pyrosequencing/Experiment 3/Signature 1
• Investigation of the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on subgingival plaque microbiota by high-throughput 16S rDNA pyrosequencing/Experiment 4/Signature 1
• Investigation of the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on subgingival plaque microbiota by high-throughput 16S rDNA pyrosequencing/Experiment 4/Signature 2
• Investigation of the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on subgingival plaque microbiota by high-throughput 16S rDNA pyrosequencing/Experiment 5/Signature 1
• Investigation of the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on subgingival plaque microbiota by high-throughput 16S rDNA pyrosequencing/Experiment 5/Signature 2
• Differences in gut microbiota composition between obese and lean children: a cross-sectional study/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Differences in gut microbiota composition between obese and lean children: a cross-sectional study/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Environmental particulate matter induces murine intestinal inflammatory responses and alters the gut microbiome/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Environmental particulate matter induces murine intestinal inflammatory responses and alters the gut microbiome/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• Environmental particulate matter induces murine intestinal inflammatory responses and alters the gut microbiome/Experiment 2/Signature 2
• Association of the vaginal microbiota with human papillomavirus infection in a Korean twin cohort/Experiment 1/Signature 1
• Association of the vaginal microbiota with human papillomavirus infection in a Korean twin cohort/Experiment 1/Signature 2
• Association of the vaginal microbiota with human papillomavirus infection in a Korean twin cohort/Experiment 2/Signature 1
• Association of the vaginal microbiota with human papillomavirus infection in a Korean twin cohort/Experiment 3/Signature 1
• Association of the vaginal microbiota with human papillomavirus infection in a Korean twin cohort/Experiment 3/Signature 2