Antibiotics at birth and later antibiotic courses: effects on gut microbiota

Study information

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Fatima on 2022/03/2

study design

prospective cohort

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

33824448

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1038/s41390-021-01494-7

URI

Authors

Ainonen S, Tejesvi MV, Mahmud MR, Paalanne N, Pokka T, Li W, Nelson KE, Salo J, Renko M, Vänni P, Pirttilä AM, Tapiainen T

Journal

Pediatric research

Year

2021

BACKGROUND: Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) is widely used, but the evidence of the long-term effects on the gut microbiota and subsequent health of children is limited. Here, we compared the impacts of perinatal antibiotic exposure and later courses of antibiotic courses on gut microbiota. METHODS: This was a prospective, controlled cohort study among 100 vaginally delivered infants with different perinatal antibiotic exposures: control (27), IAP (27), postnatal antibiotics (24), and IAP and postnatal antibiotics (22). At 1 year of age, we performed next-generation sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene of fecal samples. RESULTS: Exposure to the perinatal antibiotics had a clear impact on the gut microbiota. The abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum was significantly higher in the control group, whereas the relative abundance of Escherichia coli was significantly lower in the control group. The impact of the perinatal antibiotics on the gut microbiota composition was greater than exposure to later courses of antibiotics (28% of participants). CONCLUSIONS: Perinatal antibiotic exposure had a marked impact on the gut microbiota at the age of 1 year. The timing of the antibiotic exposure appears to be the critical factor for the changes observed in the gut microbiota. IMPACT: Infants are commonly exposed to IAP and postnatal antibiotics, and later to courses of antibiotics during the first year of life. Perinatal antibiotics have been associated with an altered gut microbiota during the first months of life, whereas the evidence regarding the long-term impact is more limited. Perinatal antibiotic exposure had a marked impact on the infant's gut microbiota at 1 year of age. Impact of the perinatal antibiotics on the gut microbiota composition was greater than that of the later courses of antibiotics at the age of 1 year.

Experiment 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-1-18

Curated date: 2021/12/03

Curator: Mmarin

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, LGeistlinger, Fatima, Mmarin, ChiomaBlessing, OdigiriGreat

Subjects

Location of subjects: Finland

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.: Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Antimicrobial agent antibiotic,antibiotics,Antibiotika,Antibiotikum,antibiotique,antimicrobial,antimicrobial agents,microbicide,microbicides,Antimicrobial agent,antimicrobial agent

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Control group

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: perinatal antibiotics

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Participants who received any perinatal antibiotics (all three perinatal groups combined)

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 27

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 73

Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any): NA

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: Not specified

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Ion Torrent

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).: relative abundances

Statistical test: ANOVA

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05

MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: Yes

Alpha Diversity

Pielou Quantifies how equal the community is numerically: unchanged

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: unchanged

Richness Number of species: unchanged

Faith Phylogenetic diversity, takes into account phylogenetic distance of all taxa identified in a sample: unchanged

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-1-18

Curated date: 2023/10/16

Curator: OdigiriGreat

Revision editor(s): OdigiriGreat, ChiomaBlessing

Source: table 2

Description: Composition of the gut microbiome in vaginally delivered infants (N = 100) exposed to perinatal antibiotics as compared with the control group after the first year of life.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in perinatal antibiotics

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Bacillota
Clostridium
Escherichia coli
Faecalibacterium
Prevotella

Revision editor(s): OdigiriGreat, ChiomaBlessing

Signature 2

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-1-18

Curated date: 2023/10/16

Curator: OdigiriGreat

Revision editor(s): OdigiriGreat, ChiomaBlessing

Source: table 2

Description: Composition of the gut microbiome in vaginally delivered infants (N = 100) exposed to perinatal antibiotics as compared with the control group after the first year of life.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in perinatal antibiotics

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Bacteroides
Bacteroidia

Revision editor(s): OdigiriGreat, ChiomaBlessing

Experiment 2

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-1-18

Curated date: 2023/10/21

Curator: OdigiriGreat

Revision editor(s): OdigiriGreat

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: control group

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Antibiotic courses

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: All perinatal groups that received any antibiotic courses

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 71

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 28

Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any): Not specified