Differential Responses to Dietary Protein and Carbohydrate Ratio on Gut Microbiome in Obese vs. Lean Cats
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Study information
-
Quality control
- Retracted paper
- Contamination issues suspected
- Batch effect issues suspected
- Uncontrolled confounding suspected
- Results are suspect (various reasons)
- Tags applied
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI
Authors
Li Q, Pan Y
Journal
Frontiers in microbiology
Year
2020
Keywords:
carbohydrate, cat, diet, feline, microbiome, obesity, protein
More than 60% of domestic cats in the United States are either overweight or obese (OW). High-protein low-carbohydrate (HPLC) diets have been recommended for weight management for humans and pets. Gut microbes can influence the host's health and metabolism. Less is known about feline gut microbiomes compared to other species. Thirty-nine lean (LN) and OW domestic short-haired cats (median age, 7.2 years) with median body fat of 15.8 and 32.5%, respectively, were enrolled in a two-phase study. All cats were fed the control diet (CON) with 32.4% protein and 32.3% carbohydrate for 8 weeks followed by another 8 weeks of intervention where half of the cats continued the CON diet while the other half were switched to a HPLC diet with 51.4% protein and 11.6% carbohydrate. The goal was to understand how the HPLC diet influenced gut microbiota in obese vs. lean cats. The 16S rRNA gene profiling study revealed a significant impact on gut microbiome by dietary protein and carbohydrate ratio. The effect was more pronounced in OW cats than LN cats. While no microbial taxon was different between groups in LN cats, compositional changes occurred at different taxonomical ranks in OW cats. At the phylum level, Fusobacteria became more abundant in HPLC-fed cats than in CON-fed cats. At the genus level, five short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers had altered compositions in response to the diets: Faecalibacterium and Fusobacterium are more abundant in HPLC-fed cats while the abundances of Megasphaera, Bifidobacterium, and Veillonella increased in CON-fed cats. Predicted microbial gene networks showed changes in energy metabolism and one-carbon metabolism pathways. Our study demonstrated differential responses to HPLC diet between obese vs. lean cats and opportunities to explore these SCFA-producers for weight management in cats.
Experiment 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-1-25
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- United States of America
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
- Felis catus
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Obesity Adiposis,Adiposity,Obese,Obese (finding),obesity,Obesity (disorder),Obesity [Ambiguous],obesity disease,obesity disorder,Obesity NOS,Obesity, unspecified,Overweight and obesity,Obesity
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- LN cats at T1
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- OW cats at T1
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Overweight domestic felines that have an excess accumulation of body fat at the end of T1 (baseline feeding)
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 19
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 20
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- V3-V4
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- relative abundances
- Statistical test
- Dunn's test
- Kruskall-Wallis
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- Yes
- Matched on Factors on which subjects have been matched on in a case-control study
- age, sex, Matched on: "breed" is not in the list (abnormal glucose tolerance, acetaldehyde, acute graft vs. host disease, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, adenoma, age, AIDS, alcohol consumption measurement, alcohol drinking, ...) of allowed values.breed
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
- Faith Phylogenetic diversity, takes into account phylogenetic distance of all taxa identified in a sample
- unchanged
Experiment 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-1-26
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Diet Dietary,Diets,Diet,diet
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- CON-fed OW cats at T1(end of baseline feeding)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- CON-fed OW cats at T2 (end of intervention)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Overweight domestic felines placed on the control diet at T2 (end of intervention)
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 20
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 10
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- increased
- Faith Phylogenetic diversity, takes into account phylogenetic distance of all taxa identified in a sample
- increased
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-1-26
Source: Table S4
Description: Increased abundance in CON-fed OW cats at T2 (end of intervention)
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in CON-fed OW cats at T2 (end of intervention)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Coriobacteriaceae | ||
| Porphyromonadaceae | ||
| Rikenellaceae |
Experiment 3
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-1-26
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- HPLC-fed OW cats at T2 (end of intervention)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Overweight domestic felines placed on the HPLC diet at T2 (end of intervention)
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- increased
- Richness Number of species
- increased
- Faith Phylogenetic diversity, takes into account phylogenetic distance of all taxa identified in a sample
- increased
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-1-26
Source: Table S4
Description: Increased abundance in HPLC-fed OW cats at T2 (end of intervention)
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in HPLC-fed OW cats at T2 (end of intervention)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Clostridiaceae | ||
| Coriobacteriaceae | ||
| Oscillospiraceae | ||
| Peptacetobacter hiranonis | ||
| Peptococcaceae | ||
| Lachnospiraceae |
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-1-26
Source: Table S4
Description: Decreased abundance in HPLC-fed OW cats at T2 (end of intervention)
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in HPLC-fed OW cats at T2 (end of intervention)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Bifidobacterium | ||
| Bifidobacteriaceae | ||
| Phocaeicola plebeius |
Experiment 4
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-1-26
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- CON-fed OW cats at T2 (end of intervention)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- HPLC-fed overweight domestic felines at T2 (end of intervention)
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 10
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- decreased
- Richness Number of species
- decreased
- Faith Phylogenetic diversity, takes into account phylogenetic distance of all taxa identified in a sample
- decreased
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-1-25
Source: Table S4, Table 3, Text results (Dietary Intervention Changes Gut Microbiota in OW Cats)
Description: Increased abundance in HPLC-fed OW cats at T2 (end of intervention)
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in HPLC-fed OW cats at T2 (end of intervention)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Clostridiaceae | ||
| Faecalibacterium | ||
| Faecalibacterium prausnitzii | ||
| Mediterraneibacter gnavus | ||
| Peptacetobacter hiranonis |
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-1-25
Source: Table S4, Table 3, Text results (Dietary Intervention Changes Gut Microbiota in OW Cats)
Description: Decreased abundance in HPLC-fed OW cats at T2 (end of intervention)
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in HPLC-fed OW cats at T2 (end of intervention)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Bifidobacteriaceae | ||
| Bifidobacterium | ||
| Megasphaera | ||
| Phocaeicola plebeius | ||
| Porphyromonadaceae | ||
| Rikenellaceae | ||
| Veillonella | ||
| Veillonellaceae |
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